BA 370 - Telecommunications and NetworkingOutlineIntroduction to Telecommunication SystemsNetwork Design How to support full connectivity?Network Design Find an economic internetworking solutionExample 1Slide 7Slide 8Theoretical Framework: 5-layer network modelProtocols and addresses used at different layers of the 5-layer network modelSlide 11Application and Transport LayersLayer 3 – Network LayerNetwork Layer (Continued)Layer-2: Data Link LayerLayer 1 - Physical LayerBA 370 - Telecommunications and NetworkingDr. V.T. RajaDr. V.T. RajaOregon State UniversityOregon State [email protected]@bus.oregonstate.eduOutlineIntroductionIntroductionAnalogy with effective human Analogy with effective human communicationcommunication5-layer Network Model5-layer Network ModelA theoretical framework for better A theoretical framework for better understanding the Internetunderstanding the InternetIntroduction to Telecommunication Systems Some Basic Characteristics of Some Basic Characteristics of Effective Human CommunicationEffective Human CommunicationSender/ReceiverSender/ReceiverMessages (Words)Messages (Words)Transmission MediaTransmission MediaAir/Printed PageAir/Printed PageSpeak same language or Speak same language or have an Interpreterhave an InterpreterLess noisy room (or) talk Less noisy room (or) talk loud enoughloud enoughSome Basic Characteristics of Some Basic Characteristics of Telecommunication SystemsTelecommunication SystemsNetwork DesignHow to support full connectivity?Design the most economic internetwork Design the most economic internetwork between “end-user nodes” and an existingbetween “end-user nodes” and an existing WANWANUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernode UsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeWANNetwork DesignFind an economic internetworking solutionUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeA direct connection toa WAN backbone nodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeConnection viamultiplexersExample 1Example 2Example 3Theoretical Framework: 5-layer network modelApplication Layer (Layer-5)Application Layer (Layer-5)Transport LayerTransport LayerNetwork LayerNetwork LayerData Link LayerData Link LayerPhysical Layer (Layer-1)Physical Layer (Layer-1)Protocols and addresses used at different layers of the 5-layer network modelHTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) operates at the Application Layer. (Example operates at the Application Layer. (Example of an application layer address: of an application layer address: www.bus.oregonstate.eduwww.bus.oregonstate.edu) ) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at the Transport Layer. (Example operates at the Transport Layer. (Example of a transport layer default port address/port of a transport layer default port address/port ID: 80 (Web); 25(E-mail))ID: 80 (Web); 25(E-mail))Protocols and addresses used at different layers of the 5-layer network modelIP (Internet Protocol) operates at the IP (Internet Protocol) operates at the Network Layer. Network Layer. (Example of an IP address: 128.192.64.224)(Example of an IP address: 128.192.64.224)Ethernet operates at the data link layer. Ethernet operates at the data link layer. (Example of a DLL address: 00-B0-D0-B4-(Example of a DLL address: 00-B0-D0-B4-54-13)54-13)In wired media, twisted pair, coaxial and In wired media, twisted pair, coaxial and fiber optic cables form the physical layer. fiber optic cables form the physical layer.Application and Transport LayersUser interfaces with application software using: User interfaces with application software using: Application layer (e.g., web/e-mail) addressApplication layer (e.g., web/e-mail) addressTransport layer’s major function is:Transport layer’s major function is:PacketizingPacketizingBreaking large messages into smaller packets at Breaking large messages into smaller packets at source source Reassembling packets at final destinationReassembling packets at final destinationCreates/appends TCP headerCreates/appends TCP header•Packet #Packet #•Source/Destination Port IDSource/Destination Port IDLayer 3 – Network LayerMajor functions of IP at network layer are Addressing and Major functions of IP at network layer are Addressing and Routing. Routing. Internet Protocol prepares IP header. Contents of IP Internet Protocol prepares IP header. Contents of IP header include:header include:Source/Destination IP Address and Source/Destination IP Address and Routing InformationRouting InformationNetwork Layer (Continued)AddressingAddressingDHCP Server (Dynamic Host Control Protocol DHCP Server (Dynamic Host Control Protocol Server)Server)Assigns IP addresses to client machines Assigns IP addresses to client machines requesting an IP addressrequesting an IP addressDNS Server (Domain Name Service Server)DNS Server (Domain Name Service Server)Similar to directory assistance – used for Similar to directory assistance – used for finding destination IP addresses. finding destination IP addresses. RoutingRouting Routing tables; Routers (Tracert); Routing Routing tables; Routers (Tracert); Routing Protocols ProtocolsLayer-2: Data Link LayerMajor functions of Data Link Layer are:Major functions of Data Link Layer are:Media Access Control (Handling message Media Access Control (Handling message collisions)collisions)Error Detection/Error CorrectionError Detection/Error CorrectionMessage Delineation (Identifying beginning Message Delineation (Identifying beginning and ending of packets – since all computer and ending of packets – since all computer transmissions go out as 0s and 1s over the transmissions go out as 0s and 1s over the physical layer) physical layer) DL layer appends a DL header and DL TrailerDL layer appends a DL header and DL TrailerLayer 1 - Physical LayerWired Media/Wireless Media: ExamplesWired Media/Wireless Media: ExamplesTwisted pair; Coaxial; Fiber Optic CablesTwisted pair; Coaxial; Fiber Optic CablesMicrowave; Satellites and Cell phonesMicrowave; Satellites and Cell phonesInternetworking Devices: ExamplesInternetworking Devices: ExamplesHubs; MultiplexersHubs; MultiplexersDSL/Cable ModemsDSL/Cable ModemsSwitches; RoutersSwitches;
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