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BA 370 - Telecommunications and NetworkingOutlineIntroduction to Telecommunication SystemsNetwork Design How to support full connectivity?Network Design Find an economic internetworking solutionExample 1Slide 7Slide 8Theoretical Framework: 5-layer network modelProtocols and addresses used at different layers of the 5-layer network modelSlide 11Application and Transport LayersLayer 3 – Network LayerNetwork Layer (Continued)Layer-2: Data Link LayerLayer 1 - Physical LayerBA 370 - Telecommunications and NetworkingDr. V.T. RajaDr. V.T. RajaOregon State UniversityOregon State [email protected]@bus.oregonstate.eduOutlineIntroductionIntroductionAnalogy with effective human Analogy with effective human communicationcommunication5-layer Network Model5-layer Network ModelA theoretical framework for better A theoretical framework for better understanding the Internetunderstanding the InternetIntroduction to Telecommunication Systems Some Basic Characteristics of Some Basic Characteristics of Effective Human CommunicationEffective Human CommunicationSender/ReceiverSender/ReceiverMessages (Words)Messages (Words)Transmission MediaTransmission MediaAir/Printed PageAir/Printed PageSpeak same language or Speak same language or have an Interpreterhave an InterpreterLess noisy room (or) talk Less noisy room (or) talk loud enoughloud enoughSome Basic Characteristics of Some Basic Characteristics of Telecommunication SystemsTelecommunication SystemsNetwork DesignHow to support full connectivity?Design the most economic internetwork Design the most economic internetwork between “end-user nodes” and an existingbetween “end-user nodes” and an existing WANWANUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernode UsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeWANNetwork DesignFind an economic internetworking solutionUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeA direct connection toa WAN backbone nodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeUsernodeConnection viamultiplexersExample 1Example 2Example 3Theoretical Framework: 5-layer network modelApplication Layer (Layer-5)Application Layer (Layer-5)Transport LayerTransport LayerNetwork LayerNetwork LayerData Link LayerData Link LayerPhysical Layer (Layer-1)Physical Layer (Layer-1)Protocols and addresses used at different layers of the 5-layer network modelHTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) operates at the Application Layer. (Example operates at the Application Layer. (Example of an application layer address: of an application layer address: www.bus.oregonstate.eduwww.bus.oregonstate.edu) ) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at the Transport Layer. (Example operates at the Transport Layer. (Example of a transport layer default port address/port of a transport layer default port address/port ID: 80 (Web); 25(E-mail))ID: 80 (Web); 25(E-mail))Protocols and addresses used at different layers of the 5-layer network modelIP (Internet Protocol) operates at the IP (Internet Protocol) operates at the Network Layer. Network Layer. (Example of an IP address: 128.192.64.224)(Example of an IP address: 128.192.64.224)Ethernet operates at the data link layer. Ethernet operates at the data link layer. (Example of a DLL address: 00-B0-D0-B4-(Example of a DLL address: 00-B0-D0-B4-54-13)54-13)In wired media, twisted pair, coaxial and In wired media, twisted pair, coaxial and fiber optic cables form the physical layer. fiber optic cables form the physical layer.Application and Transport LayersUser interfaces with application software using: User interfaces with application software using: Application layer (e.g., web/e-mail) addressApplication layer (e.g., web/e-mail) addressTransport layer’s major function is:Transport layer’s major function is:PacketizingPacketizingBreaking large messages into smaller packets at Breaking large messages into smaller packets at source source Reassembling packets at final destinationReassembling packets at final destinationCreates/appends TCP headerCreates/appends TCP header•Packet #Packet #•Source/Destination Port IDSource/Destination Port IDLayer 3 – Network LayerMajor functions of IP at network layer are Addressing and Major functions of IP at network layer are Addressing and Routing. Routing. Internet Protocol prepares IP header. Contents of IP Internet Protocol prepares IP header. Contents of IP header include:header include:Source/Destination IP Address and Source/Destination IP Address and Routing InformationRouting InformationNetwork Layer (Continued)AddressingAddressingDHCP Server (Dynamic Host Control Protocol DHCP Server (Dynamic Host Control Protocol Server)Server)Assigns IP addresses to client machines Assigns IP addresses to client machines requesting an IP addressrequesting an IP addressDNS Server (Domain Name Service Server)DNS Server (Domain Name Service Server)Similar to directory assistance – used for Similar to directory assistance – used for finding destination IP addresses. finding destination IP addresses. RoutingRouting Routing tables; Routers (Tracert); Routing Routing tables; Routers (Tracert); Routing Protocols ProtocolsLayer-2: Data Link LayerMajor functions of Data Link Layer are:Major functions of Data Link Layer are:Media Access Control (Handling message Media Access Control (Handling message collisions)collisions)Error Detection/Error CorrectionError Detection/Error CorrectionMessage Delineation (Identifying beginning Message Delineation (Identifying beginning and ending of packets – since all computer and ending of packets – since all computer transmissions go out as 0s and 1s over the transmissions go out as 0s and 1s over the physical layer) physical layer) DL layer appends a DL header and DL TrailerDL layer appends a DL header and DL TrailerLayer 1 - Physical LayerWired Media/Wireless Media: ExamplesWired Media/Wireless Media: ExamplesTwisted pair; Coaxial; Fiber Optic CablesTwisted pair; Coaxial; Fiber Optic CablesMicrowave; Satellites and Cell phonesMicrowave; Satellites and Cell phonesInternetworking Devices: ExamplesInternetworking Devices: ExamplesHubs; MultiplexersHubs; MultiplexersDSL/Cable ModemsDSL/Cable ModemsSwitches; RoutersSwitches;


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