1 Fall 20112 A. MODE For most of the calculations you perform, you will use the MODE window shown in the figure at the right. To change the mode, move the cursor over the selection to be used, and then press . To return to the home screen, press . 1. Normal Sci Eng: For most of your calculations you will leave the mode in Normal. This expresses the number with digits to both the left and right of the decimal point. If the number is too large to be shown in normal mode, the calculator will automatically switch to scientific Sci (scientific) and Eng (engineering) notation will express the answer as a power of 10. 2. Float 0123456789: This will set the number of digits to be displayed. 3. Radian Degree: These are mode settings used in trigonometry. 4. Func Par Pol Seq: These are graphing modes. Func (function) mode is the mode you will use most often. It is the mode for any function that is to be graphed with rectangular coordinates (y is a function of x). 5. Connected Dot: This determines whether a graph is plotted with the points connected to produce a smooth curve or if just each point is plotted. 6. Sequential Simul: If you have more than one function entered to graph you can select Sequential to have the graphs rendered one at a time or Simul (simultaneous) to have all the functions graphed at one time. 7. Real ia bi re: Real mode, rectangular mode, complex mode, and polar complex mode. 8. Full Horiz G-T: These determine the view that you see on the screen. Full Horiz G-T3 B. MATH 1: FRAC (display as a fraction) displays an answer as a fraction. You can use FRAC with numbers, expressions, lists, sequences, matrices, etc. If the denominator has more than three digits or cannot be simplified, the number is given as a decimal. To access FRAC hit and then 1 after you enter the expression. Calculate an expression. You can change an answer to a fraction. Just enter 1 after the calculation is done. Some expressions cannot be expressed as a fraction. 2: DEC displays the answer as a decimal. It is used just like FRAC. This is the default setting for answers. It is accessed by entering and then 2. 3: 3 cubes the expression. It is accessed by entering a value, then 3. You can cube an expression, list, matrix, etc. Fractions can be evaluated as decimals. You can cube a single number, the numbers in a sequence, etc.4 4: 3evaluates the cube root of a number or expression. Enter and then 4 and then the expression. Close the parentheses. 5: xevaluates any root you select. To use this key, you must enter the root first, then the function and then the expression. To use this, press 5. You may use { } to find the root of several numbers at once. C. ALPHA Accessing the ALPHA key will allow you to enter alpha characters, which are in green above the keys. The TI-83 and the TI-84 will enter only capital letters. If you enter you can access A-LOCK (alpha lock). This will allow you to enter as many characters as you need. Alpha characters are used in programs and you can use any alpha character to store a value. You can store a value in any variable if you use the key. For example, to store the value 15 in the variable N, you would press: 15 (above the ON button) (the variable to use, say N) . D. Cursors The cursor keys on the TI-83 and the TI-84 are used much like cursor keys on a computer. You move the cursor up, down, left and right to manipulate your position on the screen. The button is used to access all of the 2nd functions - those that are printed above the keys and are printed in yellow. Each of these can be accessed by first pressing and then the desired function. You take the cube root of a single number, a list of numbers, etc. You must enter the root first and then the root key.5 1. Changing the Contrast: Darken and Lighten the Screen. When batteries get weak, the screen will get lighter. You can darken your screen by using repeatedly until the screen is as dark as you like. To lighten your screen, use . As you lighten and darken your screen, you will see numbers in the upper right hand part of the home screen. The maximum number is 9. You should replace your batteries before you need to have the contrast set this high. 2. Move from one end of a line to another. You can move to the beginning of a line by pressing and you can move to the end of a line by pressing . This will allow you to edit a line without having to scroll all the way to the end or beginning of the line. These keys work like the "Home" and "End" keys do on a computer. 3. Recall previous entries. You can recall previous entries by pressing , which brings up a storage area called ENTRY. You can press these keys and recall numerous entries, up to a total of 128 bytes. Since there is a storage limit, the number of entries you can recall will vary. Once you have recalled an entry you can then edit it or just re-evaluate it. E. Variable Key The graphing mode selected will determine the variable entered. Mode Variable Key Entry Func (Function) X Par (Parametric) T Pol (Polar) Seq (Sequence) n F. Exponential and Logarithmic Keys These keys are used for reciprocals, logarithms, radical, and exponential expressions.6 H. Notation Keys There are several notation keys that you will use when entering expression. Their locations are shown in the figure to the right. I. Graphing Access the graph menu by pressing and then enter the function. To type the variable you can use the variable key . For exponents, refer to the exponential keys. When a function has radical coefficients, the parentheses must be closed before the variable is entered. Failure to do so will result in an incorrect graph. For example, this is the correct way to enter 2(2)y x x. When entering a radical function, you must put the entire expression within parentheses. When entering exponential functions, you must put parentheses around any exponent that is a product or a rational number. When entering logarithmic functions, parentheses must be placed around the function terms. When the function has been entered, press GRAPH.7 Setting a WINDOW: You can enter the dimensions of the graph by accessing (next to ). When you use this button you will see a window like the one to the right. To change the values in the window, just scroll down using the cursor and enter the values that you want.