CMOS Image SensorSensor OutlineReferencesSlide 4Major ApplicationsMajor Applications (cont.)Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Basic Working PrincipleBasic Working Principle (cont.)Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Basic ConfigurationBasic Configuration (cont.)Basic configuration (cont.)Slide 27Slide 28Major SpecificationsMajor Specifications (cont.)Slide 31Slide 32Limitation (cont.)Slide 34Slide 35Best Choice For ApplicationsBest Choice For Applications (cont.)Cost ValueSlide 39Slide 40CMOS Image SensorCMOS Image SensorPrepared By: Brad CrookPrepared By: Brad CrookECE 5320 Mechatronics ECE 5320 Mechatronics Assignment #1Assignment #1Sensor OutlineSensor OutlineReferencesReferencesMajor ApplicationsMajor ApplicationsBasic Working PrincipleBasic Working PrincipleSample ConfigurationSample ConfigurationMajor specificationsMajor specificationsLimitationsLimitationsBest Choice For applicationsBest Choice For applicationsCost valuesCost valuesReferencesReferencesMarc J. Loinaz, Kanwar Jit Singh, Andrew J. Blanksby, David A. Inglis, Kamran Azadet, and Bryan D. Ackland, “A 200-mW, 3.3-V, CMOS Color Camera IC Producing 352x288 24-b Video at 30 Frames/s,” IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 33, NO. 12, DECEMBER 1998.Andrew J. Blanksby, and Marc J. Loinaz, “Performance Analysis of a Color CMOS Photogate Image Sensor,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 47, NO. 1, JANUARY 2000.Stuart Kleinfelder, SukHwan Lim, Xinqiao Liu, and Abbas El Gamal, “A 10 000 Frames/s CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor,” IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 36, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2001.Meynants, Guy; Dierickx, Bart; and Scheffer, Danny, “CMOS active pixel image sensor with CCD performance,” SPIE/EUROPTO AFPAEC conference Hotel Movenpick, Zurich Switzerland, 18-19 May 1998.ReferencesReferencesStuart Kleinfelder1, Fred Bieser, Yandong Chen, Robin Gareus, Howard S. Matis, Markus Oldenburg, Fabrice Retiere, Hans Georg Ritter, Howard H. Wieman, Eugene Yamamoto, “Novel integrated CMOS pixel structures for vertex detectors,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2003.Stuart Kleinfelder“High-speed, high-sensitivity, low-noise CMOS scientific image sensors,” University of California, Irvinehttp://rocky.digikey.com/WebLib/Kodak/Web%20Data/KAC-9630LongSpec.pdfhttp://www.fillfactory.comMajor ApplicationsMajor ApplicationsThe first and foremost application that The first and foremost application that comes to mind is the digital camera.comes to mind is the digital camera.“Courtesy www.superwarehouse.com”Major Applications (cont.)Major Applications (cont.)These cameras have become extremely These cameras have become extremely popular in both the CMOS type and in the popular in both the CMOS type and in the Charge-Coupled Device, CCD, type.Charge-Coupled Device, CCD, type.Due to the compactness of CMOS circuits Due to the compactness of CMOS circuits digital cameras have recently been digital cameras have recently been growing smaller with more resolution.growing smaller with more resolution.Major Applications (cont.)Major Applications (cont.)They have grown so small that they are able They have grown so small that they are able to fit digital cameras into button holes.to fit digital cameras into button holes.“Courtesy www.business-home-security.com”Major Applications (cont.)Major Applications (cont.)CMOS digital cameras have also found CMOS digital cameras have also found popularity in the easily accessible, and popularity in the easily accessible, and readily available web camera.readily available web camera.“Courtesy of Greg Falcon”“Courtesy of www.yopi.de”Major Applications (cont.)Major Applications (cont.)These devices are also becoming fast These devices are also becoming fast enough to store live video into a small, enough to store live video into a small, palm sized, digital camcorder .palm sized, digital camcorder .“Courtesy of www.amazon.com”Basic Working PrincipleBasic Working PrincipleNow we know where CMOS Image Now we know where CMOS Image sensors can be found, next we must find sensors can be found, next we must find out how they work.out how they work.I will do this by I will do this by Explaining the photodiodeExplaining the photodiodeThen the MOSFET transistorThen the MOSFET transistorNext would be the photogateNext would be the photogateThen the Image Sensor arrayThen the Image Sensor arrayAnd finally the image processingAnd finally the image processingBasic Working Principle (cont.)Basic Working Principle (cont.)A photodiode works in much the same A photodiode works in much the same way as a solar cell.way as a solar cell.It uses two differently charged elements to It uses two differently charged elements to chemically dope silicon wafers to create a chemically dope silicon wafers to create a N-Type and P-Type semiconductor.N-Type and P-Type semiconductor.+ P-Type- N-TypeBasic Working Principle (cont.)Basic Working Principle (cont.)When light hits the semiconductor it allows When light hits the semiconductor it allows free electrons to move through the free electrons to move through the negatively doped side, N-Type, to the negatively doped side, N-Type, to the positively doped side, P-Type, creating a positively doped side, P-Type, creating a current.current.+ P-Type- N-TypeLight---Basic Working Principle (cont.)Basic Working Principle (cont.)The strength of the light determines how The strength of the light determines how much electricity is produced.much electricity is produced.This is called photo-voltaic. This is called photo-voltaic. + P-Type- N-TypeLight-------Basic Working Principle (cont.)Basic Working Principle (cont.)The Amplitude of the current can be The Amplitude of the current can be converted into a digital representation. converted into a digital representation. This Digital number represents the This Digital number represents the brightness of the light, and it is easily brightness of the light, and it is easily recorded.recorded.A second way to open a path for current is A second way to open a path for current is with a MOSFET device.with a MOSFET device.Basic Working Principle (cont.)Basic Working Principle (cont.)The Complementary Metal Oxide The Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) works
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