1ECE 435INTRODUCTION TO CAD OF MICROWAVE CIRCUITSLatest revision: October 2000This lab will introduce you to computer-aided microwave circuit design using the program SonnetLite.Pre-Lab ExercisesYou must perform the following tasks prior to the lab session:1. Review and design a 50 Ohm microstrip transmission line assuming you will be using a GML1000 board (dielectric constant = 3.2, thickness = 30 mils).2. Review the hand-out concerning side coupled filter design.If possible, download a copy of Sonnet Lite to a computer (http://www.sonnetusa.com) andperform as much of the tutorial as possible. Doing so will likely reduce the time you require tocomplete this laboratory experiment!1. Place your floppy disk into the appropriate drive in the computer.2. CHECK YOUR DISK FOR VIRUSES! -- Type scan a: (or scan b:). If your disk containsviruses, REMOVE IT IMMEDIATELY!NOTE: Sonnet Lite requires that both ports be on the edge of the box!!!Microstrip Transmission Design and TestIn this exercise, you will analyze the microstrip transmission line you designed in the pre-labusing Sonnet Lite. First, start Sonnet Lite on one of the lab PCs. If asked to register, hit cancel(the copy is already registered by the Department).1. Build the circuit1.1. Parameters/Units: mm1.2. Parameters/Box: set the box size to 254x40 mm and cell size to 1x1 mm1.3. Parameters/Dielectric Layers: set the air thickness, layer 0, to 100 mm, and set layer 1thickness to be 0.762 mm and the dielectric constant to 3.21.4. Toolbox/Add Polygon: trace a rectangular strip in the center of the board with ends alongthe ends of the board (e.g. along the length of the board)1.5. Move the trace to the center of the board21.6. Toolbox/Add port (twice): put a port on either end of the trace1.7. SAVE2. Analyze the circuit2.1. Choose the analyze pull-down menu and choose frequency sweep from 4.5 to 7.5 GHzevery 100 MHz.2.2. Mark the box labeled “Make emvu file”2.3. Run the program (and wait ~ 5 minutes)2.4. Print the S11 and S12 Magnitude and Phase as a function of frequency (make the figuresattractive by changing the scales, labels, etc as necessary – make it look professional!)2.5. Print the current for: 4.5,5.5,6.5, and 7.5 GHz.2.6. Measure the S11 and S12 for the provided microstrip line using the HP 8720 VNA(perform a full 2-port calibration if necessary). PRINT YOUR RESULTS!3. Now “detune” the transmission line3.1. Re-size the width of the transmission line by 20% (e.g. change the delta-y spacing to 1.2mm)3.2. Re-run and record all the information requested above with the new circuit. Comment onyour observations (particularly look at the current at 6.5 GHz)4. Side Coupled Filter4.1. Reverse Engineer the filter provided in class (complements of GIL Technology).4.2. Measure the line widths, lengths, etc.4.3. Enter the box size (2220.75x609 mils w/ 5.25x5.25 mil cell size = 423x116 cells)4.4. Use the attached figure (Compliments of Derik Love) to enter the circuit into a newSonnet design page (note: you only need to make one “L-shaped” trace and one“rectangular” trace. The rest of the geometry may be entered by copy/past/rotatecommands. Play around until you get it right.4.4.1. Copy+Paste+Place the rest of the cells4.4.2. Right most “L” make by Copy+Paste+Modify/Rotate=180 degrees + place4.4.3. Add ports4.5. Note run times are long (~ 20 minutes or more, so you may want to measure the circuitwhile the program is running).4.6. Perform the same sweep and data recording tasks as above (don’t “de-tune it”)4.7. Measure the S11 and S12 of the provided filter using the HP 8720 VNA. PRINT YOURRESULTS!ReportFor each Sonnet Lite exercise, give a brief summary of what you learned. Answer any questionsposed in the exercises. For the microstrip line and filter, compare your Sonnet Lite results with themeasured and theoretical results. Comment on the reasons for differences. Be sure to include yourprintouts in your