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MSU ECE 480 - ece480_dt5_application_note_lhodges

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1 Leslie Hodges [email protected] ECE 480 – Design Team 5 Application Note Ultrasonic and Passive Infrared Sensor Integration for Dual Technology User Detection Sensors Executive Summary The purpose of this application note is to inform the user about ultrasonic and passive infrared sensors and instruct the user on methods of integrating the sensors together to be put into a final application. First, an overview of both passive infrared and ultrasonic sensors will be given so the user may understand the different sensing technologies. Then the benefits of using the sensors in unison will be discussed. Finally, important considerations for integrating the two sensing technologies together and methods for integration will be given.2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 Sensor Background .................................................................................................................... 3 Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR) ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Theory of Operation .................................................................................................................................... 3 Advantages................................................................................................................................................... 4 Disadvantages .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Ultrasonic Sensors ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Theory of Operation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Advantages................................................................................................................................................... 5 Disadvantages .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Dual Technology Sensors ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Integration of Dual Technology Sensor .................................................................................... 6 Components Needed ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Important Considerations ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6 What will the power supply be? ................................................................................................................... 6 What are the cost constraints? ..................................................................................................................... 7 Where will the unit be used? ........................................................................................................................ 7 Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Sample Integration ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 References.................................................................................................................................. 83 Introduction Over the years technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. As technology evolves, so too do the priorities of both manufacturers and consumers. Recently there has been an ever increasing focus on energy efficiency and energy conservation. Another growing trend in technology is the concept of home and workplace automation. These two fields often intersect with one another and are fields where user detection sensors, such as ultrasonic sensors and passive infrared (PIR) sensors, have found a niche. For example, in the copy room of the workplace there is no need to have the lights on while no one is in the room. However, the employees do not want to have to bother with walking to the light switch every time they enter or leave the room. Here, the use of user detection sensors will both conserve energy by turning out the lights when no one is around without sacrificing the convenience of not having to turn the lights on and off manually. Sensor Background This application note will deal primarily with sensor units rather than individual sensor components. That is, PIR and ultrasonic sensors which already contain the components and programming necessary for proper function as shown in the pictures below. On the left is the front and back view of a parallax PING))) Ultrasonic Sensor and on the right is the front and back view of a Parallax PIR Sensor. These sensors simply require a power supply, ground supply, and provide a signal out. Figure 1: Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor Figure 2: Parallax PIR sensor Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR) Theory of Operation Infrared is a classification of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between roughly 700 nm to 300 µm. It is outside of the visible light spectrum but is emitted by all living beings and surrounding objects. It is often helpful to think of infrared in terms of radiated heat. In a PIR sensor, the sensing element is a pyroelectric device which generates a temporary electric potential when there is an increase or decrease in infrared radiation. The potential then disappears after the dielectric relaxation time allowing for


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MSU ECE 480 - ece480_dt5_application_note_lhodges

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