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UCSB COMM 103 - 10.Outline

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• Diversity on TV: Women vs. Men• % Women of Color across Media• Themes across decades: Film• Earliest Film (1920s and earlier)• Women = virgins, prostitutes, flappers, femme fatale• Men = gallant, macho, hero • Early 1930s• Women = liberated, pursued men, initiated sex, • (Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich)• Mid/late 1930s• Hays Code strikes again• ‘Morality’ standards limit roles for women• 1950s• Women = frightened, needing protection, offer romance, sex/sexual tension, male support• Men = assertive, masculine, powerful, in charge, hero, sexual power • 1960s-early 1970s• Women = submissive, homemaker/wife/mother, assistant (e.g., secretary), • Some exceptions: Barbara Streisand (Funny Girl, 1968), Anne Bancroft (The Miracle Worker, 1962)• Men = strong, heroic, rugged, self-made• E.G. James Bond, Clint Eastwood films• Late 1970s• New female character emerges = smart, powerful, self-assured• Anne Hall (1977), Princess Leia (Star Wars, 1977), Norma Rae (1979)• 1980s• Women = hardly seen• Some exceptions: Terms of Endearment (1983), Steel Magnolias (1989), 9 to 5 (1980)• Males = hyper-masculine (Rambo, Top Gun, Terminator….)• 1990s• Much the same as 1980s • Fewer than 30% of major film roles are women• 2000-today• No improvements in gender balance in film• Male to female ratio 3:1• Women = traditional or hypersexual• appearance or physical beauty emphasized• Long for love, romance• Themes across decades: TV• 1950s• Women = happy homemaker• Mostly found in family sitcoms• E.G., I Love Lucy (1951-1961), Father Knows Best (1954-1963), Leave it to Beaver (1957-1963)• 1960s-1970s• Women seen in the workforce• Julia (1968-1971), Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970-1977), That Girl (1966-1971), Laverne & Shirley (1976-1983), Rhoda (1974-1978)• Not dependent on men but still often much focus on finding boyfriend/husband• 1980s• Superwomen – fulltime job, perfect mother, perfect wife, beautiful, no problems• Cosby Show (1984-1994), Family Ties (1982-1989), Growing Pains (1985-1992)• Single Career Woman - in control of their work and home lives• Murphy Brown (1988-1998), Kate and Allie (1984-1989)• 1990s• More diversity of roles• Still fewer and younger than men• Fewer housewives than in the past• Still shown more often than men doing housework• Most often in ensemble casts and sitcoms• Friends (1994-2004), ER (1994-2009), Living Single (1993-1998)• Late 1990s-2000s• ‘Beauty & The Beast’ sitcom (e.g., King of Queens, 1998-2007; According to Jim,2001-2007)• Mismatched couples• Women = intelligent, attractive, witty• Men = lazy, overweight, sexist• Complex females emerge • Struggles to balance career and love life, not superwoman• E.G., Ally McBeal (1997-2007) – though criticized. • 2000s – today• Underrepresented but more diverse. More refined, complex females • Career oriented, family oriented, etc. Still often sexualized• Black Women & Television• Groundbreakers behind the scenes• Pamela Thomas-Graham• Lana Corbi• Christina Norman• Paula Madison• Oprah Winfrey• Shonda Rhimes ● Groundbreakers on TV• Diahann Carol – Julia (1968-1971)• Oprah Winfrey – The Oprah Winfrey Show (1986-2011)• Kerry Washington – Scandal (2012- today)• Early 2000s (2001-2003), much greater exposure due to UPN & WB success • Girlfriends, Moesha, The Parkers, Half & Half Black Women & Film • 1st Oscar for best actress• 74th Academy Awards in 2002• Halle Berry• Monster’s Ball• controversial – sexual, ‘welfare queen’• 1st nomination for best actress• Dorothy Dandridge in 1954• Carmen Jones Latinas• Historically depicted as:• tempestuous sexpots• fiery, hot tempered• servants• Asian American Women• Greatest Success in News• Less so on TV and in Film• “the Suzy Wong Syndrome”• Native American Women•


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UCSB COMM 103 - 10.Outline

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