Cellular EnergeticsMatter and EnergyStation 4 explanationStation 3 explanationSlide 5Slide 6Scientific reasoning with station 3How does the enzyme catalase work?Enzymes – Activation energySet up your notebook as followed (draw it while you work on the lab). Turn in cell booklet pages and keep ONLY catalase lab, notebook, pencil, and calculator on your desk.Enzyme regulation (add on to notes from last class)Reading quizSources of energySlide 14ATPBiology of FirefliesCellular Cellular EnergeticsEnergeticsEnergy is needed in ALL organisms in order to Energy is needed in ALL organisms in order to perform work. The source of this energy is perform work. The source of this energy is ultimately the sun, but it is vital to regulate the ultimately the sun, but it is vital to regulate the rate of chemical reactions through the use of rate of chemical reactions through the use of biological catalystsbiological catalystsOrganisms must store energy in a usable form Organisms must store energy in a usable form so again control the rate of chemical reactionsso again control the rate of chemical reactionsMatter and EnergyMatter and EnergyMatter: Anything that takes up space Matter: Anything that takes up space and has massand has massEnergy: The ability to do work (no Energy: The ability to do work (no mass, does not take up space)mass, does not take up space)Energy is conserved but constantly Energy is conserved but constantly transformed transformed Different forms: radiant, kinetic, Different forms: radiant, kinetic, potential, thermalpotential, thermalHeat vs. temperatureHeat vs. temperatureStation 4 explanationStation 4 explanationIf only 10% of If only 10% of energy is energy is transferred when it transferred when it moves up the moves up the trophic level, trophic level, where does this where does this energy go?energy go?Station 3 explanationStation 3 explanationHH22OO22  H H220 + O0 + O22 2H2H22OO22  2H 2H220 + O0 + O22Energy always required to break bonds, some Energy always required to break bonds, some reactions release a net amount of energy, some reactions release a net amount of energy, some absorb a net amount of energyabsorb a net amount of energyExothermic reaction: NET release of energyExothermic reaction: NET release of energyEndothermic reaction: NET absorption of Endothermic reaction: NET absorption of energyenergyreactantproductsEnergyStation 3 explanationStation 3 explanationStation 3 explanationStation 3 explanationOrganisms live at the Organisms live at the expense of free energy, expense of free energy, the energy available in the energy available in a system for worka system for workIt combines the energy It combines the energy in bonds with the in bonds with the natural disorder of natural disorder of systemssystemsДДG: Difference of free G: Difference of free energy between energy between reactants and productsreactants and productsScientific reasoning with Scientific reasoning with station 3station 3MacroscoMacroscopicpicsketchsketchMicroscoMicroscopicpicsketchsketchExplanatiExplanationonReaction Reaction graphgraphHow does the enzyme How does the enzyme catalase work?catalase work?2H2H22OO22  2H 2H220 + O0 + O22This reaction, like many This reaction, like many others will happen on its own, others will happen on its own, but V E R Y S L O W L Ybut V E R Y S L O W L YAdding the enzyme Adding the enzyme catalasecatalase speeds upspeeds up the reaction. How? the reaction. How? A catalyst is anything that speeds up a reaction. Enzymes are biological catalystsCatalase is built from repeated amino acids, therefore what kind of macromolecule are enzymes?Enzymes – Activation Enzymes – Activation energyenergyEnzymes lower the activation energy Enzymes lower the activation energy needed to drive reactants to needed to drive reactants to products by…products by…-Bringing the substrates -Bringing the substrates togethertogether-Orientating the -Orientating the substrates correctlysubstrates correctly-Putting strain on the -Putting strain on the bondsbonds-Providing favorable -Providing favorable conditionsconditionsSet up your notebook as followed (draw it Set up your notebook as followed (draw it while you work on the lab). Turn in cell while you work on the lab). Turn in cell booklet pages and keep ONLY catalase booklet pages and keep ONLY catalase lab, notebook, pencil, and calculator on lab, notebook, pencil, and calculator on your deskyour desk..Part IPart IPart IIPart IIPart IIIPart IIIDeductionDeductionMaterialsMaterialsProcedureProcedureAnalysis questions Analysis questions (on a third page)(on a third page)Enzyme regulation (add on Enzyme regulation (add on to notes from last class)to notes from last class)Substrate concentration: What Substrate concentration: What happens when every active site is happens when every active site is occupied by a substrate? How can occupied by a substrate? How can the reaction rate be increased?the reaction rate be increased?Temperature, pH, salinity can all Temperature, pH, salinity can all alter an enzymes shaped, even alter an enzymes shaped, even denature itdenature itReading quizReading quiz1. List an example of an autotroph and an 1. List an example of an autotroph and an example of a heterotrophexample of a heterotroph2. Autotrophs get energy from ____ or ___ 2. Autotrophs get energy from ____ or ___ to make organic compoundsto make organic compounds3. Heterotrophs use energy form ____ to 3. Heterotrophs use energy form ____ to make organic compoundsmake organic compounds4. Which molecule is the main source of 4. Which molecule is the main source of energy “currency”energy “currency”5. How many phosphate groups does the 5. How many phosphate groups does the molecule from question 4 have?molecule from question 4 have?Sources of energySources of energyAutotrophs (self-feed from CO2 and inorganic materials): plants, some algae, some bacteria Synonym: ProducersPhotosynthesis (photoautotroph)Chemosynthesis (chemoautotroph)Sources of energySources of energyHeterotrophsSynonym: ConsumersHerbivoresCarnivoresOmnivoresDetritivoresATPATPEnergy in glucose is Energy in glucose is TOO great, so energy TOO great, so energy released from ATP is released from ATP is used insteadused insteadPBiology of FirefliesBiology of FirefliesLight produced via a chemical Light produced via a chemical