Name Lab Section Movement Terminology and Joint FunctionsPurpose: To review the various articulations of the human body, to familiarize you with the movements possible at these joints, and to learn terminology used to describe human movement.Dress: Shorts, t-shirtEquipment: TextbookReadings: Chapter 2, pp. 27-40Objectives: At the completion of this laboratory, you should be able to:1. Define the following terms:frontal plane eversion anterior (ventral)sagittal plane plantar flexion posterior (dorsal)transverse plane dorsiflexion superior (cranial)anteroposterior (AP) axis radial deviation (flexion) inferior (caudal)mediolateral (ML) or transverse axis ulnar deviation (flexion) medialsuperior-inferior (SI) longitudinal axis medial (internal) rotation lateralflexion lateral (external) rotation proximalextension pronation distalhyperextension supination inversionabduction horizontal abduction hyperflexionadduction horizontal adduction hyperadductioncircumduction anatomical position hyperabductionlateral flexion rotation to the right rotation to the leftlinear motion angular motion general motion2. Identify the joints at which each of the above movements occur.3. Identify the major bones in the body.4. Describe and demonstrate joint movements that occur in each plane of motion.Movement TerminologyBackground Information:To study, analyze, or teach human movements, one must be able to clearly describe a position or movement. Since there are numerous positions and movements the human body can adopt and perform, a reference or baseline position is used to reduce confusion and define positional and motion terms. “Anatomical position” is the name of this baseline position. The anatomical position is an upright standing posture in which all joints, except the ankle, are extended so that all body segments form a straight line, with the palms facing forward. The anatomical position is used to define movement terminology. The movement terms are defined according to the orientation of 3 cardinal planes and their associated axes to the body. Basically, a plane can be described as a pane of glass that the divides the body or a segment into two parts. The cardinal planes cut the body exactly in half. Each cardinal plane is associated with an infinite number of planes that pass through the body (sort of like a stack of paper, in which the cardinal plane is the sheet of paper that is in the middle of the stack. Each plane has its own axis of rotation. The axis runs perpendicular to the plane. Body segments can move linearly in a plane, or angularly in a plane and around its associated axis. The joint that is in the center of the surrounding moving segments is the axis. A movement term for the body or a segment is defined according to which of the three planes it is moving in. The intersection of the cardinal planes while in anatomical position is called the center of gravity. It is important to know that these terms are derived from the knowledge of planes and axes. In advanced movement analysis, the planes and axes become the basis for quantitative analysis and thus the dominant system for research.The joints in the human body can be classified according to structure or function. For the purpose of this lab, we will use a very simple functional classification system. Joints may be classified according to the number of axes around which movement can occur. For this lab, you will use the terms nonaxial (no axis), uniaxial (one axis), biaxial (two axes), and triaxial (three axes) to classify the joints in the body.Procedures to be completed prior to the lab session:1. On a separate sheet of paper, use your textbook and/or notes from your Human Anatomy course to write the definitions of the terms listed under objective #1 on the previous page.2. View the Movement Terminology lecture found at www.educ.uidaho.edu/pep300/lab -_activities.htm.3. Review the major bones of the body listed on the following page and make sure you can identify them on the diagrams provided. 2Movement TerminologyAnterior view Posterior view1. Skull 1. Cervical vertebra2. Clavicle 2. Scapula3. Humerus 3. Thoracic vertebra4. Radius 4. Rib5. Ulna 5. Humerus6. Carpals 6. Lumbar vertebra7. Metacarpals 7. Ilium8. Phalanges 8. Sacrum9. Scapula 9. Coccyx10. Sternum 10. Ulna11. Ilium 11. Radius12. Sacrum 12. Femur13. Coccyx 13. Tibia14. Femur 14. Fibula15. Patella 15. Calcaneus16. Tibia17. Fibula18. Tarsals19. MetatarsalsProcedures to be completed during the lab session:1. Work in pairs to complete the questions on the following pages for the major moveable joints inthe human body. Consider the body in anatomical position and the proximal segment of each joint fixed.Shoulder Joint (glenohumeral)Reduce the shoulder girdle movements by holding the scapula and clavicle with the hand.a. Move the humerus in the sagittal plane.Name of the anterior movement? Name of the posterior movement beyondanatomical position? b. Move the humerus in the frontal plane.3Movement TerminologyName of the movement away from the midline of the body? Name of the movement toward the mid-line of the body? Axis of the movement? c. Move the humerus in the transverse plane.Name of the movement as the anterioraspect turns to face medially? Name of the movement as the anterioraspect turns to face laterally? Axis of the movement? d. Move the upper extremity in such a way that a circle is described by the tips of the fingers. This is calledcircumduction and is a combination of which fundamental movements? e. Name the functional classification of the shoulder joint. f. From a position of 90o of shoulder jointabduction (elbow extended), move thehumerus toward the midline of the body inthe transverse plane about a longitudinalaxis. What is the name of this movement? Move the humerus away from the midline of thebody in the transverse plane about a longitudinalaxis. What is the name of this movement? Elbow Joint (humeroulnar)a. Move