Slide 1Conception & Prenatal DevelopmentSlide 3Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal DevelopmentBrain DevelopmentObstacles to DevelopmentObstacles to DevelopmentMotor DevelopmentSlide 10Motor DevelopmentPhysical Development in ChildhoodAdolescenceAdolescencePhysical Development in AdultsHuman DevelopmentChapter 10Conception & Prenatal DevelopmentMost dramatic changes occur during early prenatal developmentA zygote is formed when sperm cell fertilizes an eggAfter this, three stages of development occurPrenatal DevelopmentFirst stage is the germinal stageZygote divides over and over again to form a blastocystIn middle of the second week, cells begin to assume different functions and the blastocyst becomes an embryoThe embryonic stage lasts until 8 weeksWhat begins to take shape? Limbs, facial features and major organs (including the heart, lungs, and brain) begin to take shapePrenatal DevelopmentBy the 9th week and the start of the fetal stage, the major organs are established and heart beatsThe fetus continues physical maturation and “bulking up” until birthBrain DevelopmentBrain begins developing 18 days after fertilizationHow is the brain’s development different from other organs?The brain continues to develop into adolescence and probably even early adulthoodProliferationUp to 250,000 neurons per minute at timesObstacles to DevelopmentTeratogens are environmental factors that can exert a negative impact on prenatal developmentExamples are smoking, drugs, chicken poxAlcohol consumption can lead to fetal alcohol syndromeObstacles to DevelopmentGenetic disorders can be from disorders or random errors in cell divisionPremature, being born prior to 36 weeks, can result in numerous problemsThe less time in utero, the greater chance of serious complicationsMotor DevelopmentInfants are born with a large set of automatic motor behaviors (reflexes) that are triggered by specific types of stimulation and fulfill important survival needsSucking and rooting reflexes are automatic response to oral stimulation needed for eating. Motor Behaviors are bodily motions that occur as result of self-initiated force that moves the bones and musclesMilestones?Sitting Up, crawling, standing unsupported and walking.Motor DevelopmentWide range in the rate and manner in which children achieve motor milestonesInfluenced by physical maturity, as well as cultural and parenting practicesBut they are always achieved in the same developmental sequencePhysical Development in ChildhoodThe relative size of our body parts changes dramatically during first 20 yearsAdolescenceTransitional period between childhood and adulthood commonly associated with the teenage yearsThis is when our bodies reach full maturity, in part due to hormonal releaseestrogens and androgensThe pituitary gland stimulates physical growth and the reproductive system releases sex hormones; into the bloodstream, triggering growth and other physical changes.AdolescenceAttainment of physical potential for reproduction is largely due to hormonal releaseCauses changes in primary and secondary sex characteristicsReproductive organs and genitalsGenetics and environment influence timing of pubertyPhysical Development in AdultsMost of us reach our physical peaks in early twenties.Strength, coordination, speed of cognitive processing, and physical flexibilityDeclines begin shortly after, including muscle, sensory processes, and fertilityMenopause signals the end of a female’s reproductive
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