Molecules and MixturesSubject Area(s) Chemistry, Physics and EngineeringAssociated Unit GeologyLesson Title Molecules and MixturesFluorescence micrograph of crystallized Alexa Fluor 555 dye. (Organic fluorescent compound) (www.invitrogen.com)Grade Level __ (__8-_11_)Lesson # _1_Lesson Dependency noneTime Required 150 minsSummaryEngineering ConnectionKeywords: Molecules, mixtures, compounds, covalent bonding, ionic bonding, bonding energy, moleualr orbitalsEducational StandardsScience: 3.1.7 B, 3.1.7 C, 3.4.7 AMath: 2.7.8D, 2.9.8 H, 2.11.8 APre-Requisite KnowledgeAtoms, matter, states of matterLearning ObjectivesAfter this lesson, students should be able to:Describe the difference between a molecule, a mixture, and a compoundEstimate physical properties such as thermal coefficient of expansion, and relative bond strength, and elastic behavior of a solid based on the shape of the bond energy wellDescribe covalent, and ionic and metallic bonding and give examples of compounds that form from each type of bondingQualitatively describe the role of electrons in bondingDescribe the difference between a molecule and a crystalSketch the energy well formed by a bondExplain Bohr’s Model of the atomBuild a model of the electron orbitals in an atom base on the wave mechanical modelIntroduction / MotivationLesson Background & Concepts for TeachersVocabulary / DefinitionsAssociated ActivitiesUse colored clay to build models of the orbitals. I projected the graphs on the in the power point on a screen as a guide. Ask the students to build two atoms and experiment with how these atoms could form bonds.Lesson ClosureAssessmentPre-Lesson AssessmentPost-Introduction AssessmentLesson Summary AssessmentHomeworkLesson Extension ActivitiesAdditional Multimedia SupportReferencesAttachmentsMoleculesandMixturesAssesment.pdfOtherRedirect URLOwnerContributorsCopyrightDrexel-SDP GK-12 LESSONMolecules and MixturesSubject Area(s) Chemistry, Physics and EngineeringAssociated Unit GeologyLesson Title Molecules and MixturesFluorescence micrograph of crystallized Alexa Fluor 555 dye. (Organic fluorescent compound) (www.invitrogen.com)Grade Level __ (__8-_11_)Lesson # _1_ Lesson Dependency noneTime Required 150 minsSummaryIn this lesson, students will be introduced to mixtures, compounds and types of bonding. Although the lesson was originally taught to an 8th grade class, a brief introduction to quantum mechanics is included because the shape of the molecular orbitals provide a more concrete modelto understand how bonding occurs.Engineering ConnectionThe foundation of materials engineering is based on the understanding of the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of a material, their underlying structure and the processing that produces the structures. Understanding the role of electrons in the bonding process has been crucial to the advances in the 20th century in electronics, metallurgy, and plastics. Keywords: Molecules, mixtures, compounds, covalent bonding, ionic bonding, bonding energy, moleualr orbitalsEducational Standards- Science: 3.1.7 B, 3.1.7 C, 3.4.7 A- Math: 2.7.8D, 2.9.8 H, 2.11.8 APre-Requisite KnowledgeAtoms, matter, states of matterLearning ObjectivesAfter this lesson, students should be able to:- Describe the difference between a molecule, a mixture, and a compound- Estimate physical properties such as thermal coefficient of expansion, and relative bondstrength, and elastic behavior of a solid based on the shape of the bond energy well- Describe covalent, and ionic and metallic bonding and give examples of compounds thatform from each type of bonding- Qualitatively describe the role of electrons in bonding- Describe the difference between a molecule and a crystal- Sketch the energy well formed by a bond- Explain Bohr’s Model of the atom - Build a model of the electron orbitals in an atom base on the wave mechanical model2Introduction / MotivationAlmost everyone has a TV, phone, uses plastic bottles, has access to a car, etc. The everyday use of technology is common place and the engineered materials that go in to the artifacts we use andtrust are a result of the revolution instigated by quantum mechanics the resultant insight of how electrons behave in solids. This lesson was taught as a part of the geology curriculum so particular emphasis is given to metal and ceramic crystals. Lesson Background & Concepts for TeachersLook over the power point presentation and review any basic chemistry text for the background information for this lesson.The concepts for this lesson:- The electron cloud around the atom participates in bonding- The type of bonding in a material depends on the relative position the element hason the period table- Physical and chemical properties of a compound is determined by the type of bonding- Shape of the orbitals explains how some compounds are formed and dictates molecular shapeVocabulary / DefinitionsWord DefinitionMixture Two or more substances physically mixed with no chemical bond. Compound Two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportion that results in a substance that has different chemical and physical properties.Ion An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.Molecule A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Crystal Ions positioned in a repetitive three-dimensional pattern.Ionic Bond Chemical bond that forms when one atom gives and electron to another atom.Covalent BondChemical bond that forms by sharing electrons between two atoms.Metallic BondChemical bond that forms between elements that have incompletely filled d-orbitals resulting in valence electrons that are not closely bound to the ion cores. Chemical BondInter atomic forces that bind atoms together.Cation Positively charged atom, an atom that gave up an electron.Anion Negatively charged atom, an atom that took an electronHydrogen Bond A weak bond that forms though the attraction of the positive end one dipole to the negative end of another dipole.Atomic ModelMathematical and physical constructs used to represent the arrangement of electrons in an atom. Orbital Spatial location of electrons around an atom3Associated ActivitiesUse colored clay to build models of the orbitals. I projected the graphs on the in the power point on a screen as a guide. Ask the students to build two atoms and experiment with how these