University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCollege of EngineeringDepartment of Electrical Engineeringand Computer SciencesProfessors : N.Morgan / B.GoldEE225D Spring,1999Synthetic AudioLecture 2EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.1University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCollege of EngineeringDepartment of Electrical Engineeringand Computer SciencesProfessors : N.Morgan / B.GoldEE225D Spring,1999Synthetic Audio Lecture 2EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.2a) Black BoardAcoustic Tube.b) Trumpet has more or less the same model (- excitation) is created by lip vibration that produce pressure waves (- acoustic).Air Pressure from Lungs“Source” “Excitation” Vocal CordsModulationVocal Tract Filter (Time Variable)Tongue changes tube shape There could be non-linear activity due to turbulence and sourceand resonant frequencies. - Filter Interactions.EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.3Figure 2.1 : Wheatstone Speaking Machine (after Von Kempelen)EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.4Important Features on Wheatstone Speaking Machine (after Von Kempelen).1. Vibrating Reed to Simulate Vocal cords.2. Nasal Passage.3. Bellows for producing pressure.4. Leather “Vocal Tract”Question : How is “ S ” or “ Sh ” produced?EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.5Figure 2.2 : Riesz’s Speaking MachineEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.6Important Points :a) First Electronic Synthesizerb) Long Period of Operator Trainingc) Filter Bank to Emulate Vocal Tractd) Relation to Human Voice ProductionFigure 2.4 : Sketch of the Voder.a) V-UV explicitb) Pitch controlled by pedal.c) 10 Filtersd) Special keys for consonants.EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.7Operating ControlMicrophoneTesting equipment and ClockPitch PedalWrist Bar Figure 2.4 : The VoderEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.8Voder ConsoleEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.9EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.10a)noisepulseFilters Controls+All Sounds were produced from this configuration.Nasals were produced by key switching on the low filters.EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.11Periodic Noise SourceShared be buzz + hissNoise SourceVowels, Glides, LiquidsVoiceless FricativeStop or Plosive SoundsFormantsFiltersHigh Frequency Burst.r, q, l, ys, sh, f, th.z, zh, v, th et-dp-bk-goExcitationEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.12Figure 2.6 : Lesson 1 of Voder InstructionsEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.13Simple Exampleshe saw me.KeysWrist Bar7 & 8 1 & 8 9 3 1 1, 8Lesson 1 ExercisesDo the Voder Program for “ See me Seesaw ”.Do the Voder Program for “ Shake it off ”. up down up down down downof Voder InstructionEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.14Figure 2.5 : Voder ControlsEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.15Music Machine1. Barrel Organs [ Pure Synthesis - no Analysis ]2. Player Pianos [ melography ](Music Boxes)Punched Paper Tape on CardsMade by a master performerNote : Player pianos were very popular about a century ago.Babbage : 1BM ( 50’s )EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.16Figure 2.9 : Seventeenth-Century Drawing of a Water-Powered Barrel Organ.EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.17Alvin Fu’s Bosendorfer Alvin wanted to enhance an old piano roll by Rachmoninoff by using it TelharmoniumAdditive SynthesisStill used in both Speech and Music.to control the Bosendorfer.EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.18Figure 2.10 : Clara Rockmore at the Theremin.EE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.19Classification of the Speech SoundsEE 225D LECTURE ON SYNTHETIC AUDION.MORGAN / B.GOLD LECTURE 2 2.20Voder Demo20 separate sounds.She saw me. - She saw me. - She saw me. - She saw me.Greetings everybody G r ee t i ng s BK1 2, 5, 6 1, 8 13, k, 3 2, 8 18, 1 9 high