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UW-Milwaukee CHEM 501 - practice exam4

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Name Chem 501 – Intro to BiochemExam IV – Ch. 9, 24-28May 8, 20061. The genetic code has all of the following characteristics except: A) It is degenerate.B) It is read 3’ to 5’.C) It is read from a fixed starting point without punctuation.D) It is not overlapping.E) A group of three bases codes for one amino acid.2. Histones are that are usually associated with . A) coenzymes derived from histidine; enzymes.B) topoisomerases; RNA.C) acidic proteins; DNA.D) basic proteins; DNA.E) acidic proteins; RNA.3. DNA is replicated by a ________________ mechanism. A) dispersiveB) conservativeC) semiconservativeD) liberalE) none of the above4. Small signal molecules that regulate transcription are not known to:A) cause activator proteins to bind to DNA sites.B) cause repressor proteins to bind to DNA sites.C) directly bind to DNA sites.D) prevent activator proteins from binding to DNA sites.E) release repressor proteins from DNA sites.5. The sequences in eukaryotic DNA known as introns are: A) those included in the final sequence of messenger RNA.B) the intervening sequences not expressed in the final sequence of messenger RNA.C) the binding sites for DNA polymerase.D) the binding sites for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.E) the binding sites for RNA polymerase to terminate transcription.16. Which of the following statements about the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is false? A) DNA is amplified at many points within a cellular genome.B) The boundaries of the amplified DNA segment are determined by the synthetic oligonucleotides used to prime DNA synthesis.C) The technique is sufficiently sensitive that DNA sequences can be amplified from a single animal or human hair.D) Newly synthesized DNA must be denatured with heat before the next round of DNA synthesis begins.E) DNA amplified by PCR can be cloned.7. It is correct to say that DNA supercoiling can:A) be induced by strand separation.B) be induced by underwinding of the double helix.C) occur if a closed circular double-stranded DNA molecule has a nick.D) result in compaction of the DNA structure.E) A), B) and D) are all true.8. Which of the following statements about tRNA molecules is false?A) A, C, G, and U are the only bases present in the molecule.B) Although composed of a single strand of RNA, each molecule contains several short, double-helical regions.C) Any given tRNA will accept only one specific amino acid.D) The amino acid attachment is always to an A nucleotide at the 3’ end of the molecule.E) There is at least one tRNA for each of the 20 amino acids.9. All of the following are characteristics for in vitro DNA synthesis except:A) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in a 5’→3’ direction.B) The primer strand of DNA determines the nucleotides added.C) Correct hydrogen bonding is the primary check of the newly synthesized DNA.D) A primer strand must contain a free 3’-OH.E) DNA polymerase copies the complementary strand of DNA.10. Termination of translation in prokaryotic cells requires:A) binding of the terminator tRNA to the termination codon.B) interaction of release factors with the termination codon.C) ternary interaction of the release factor and the termination tRNA with the terminationcodon.D) release factor interaction with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and subsequent dissociation of the two ribosomal subunits.E) none of the above.211. Attenuation in the trp operon of E. coli:A) can adjust transcription of the structural genes upwards when tryptophan is present.B) can fine-tune the transcription of the operon in response to small changes in tryptophan availability.C) is a mechanism for inhibiting translation of existing (complete) trp mRNAs.D) results from the binding of the Trp repressor to the operator.E) results from the presence of short leader peptides at the 5’ end of each structural gene.12. At the replication forks in E. coli:A) DNA helicases unwind DNA to allow strand separation.B) DNA binding proteins stabilize the single stranded DNA.C) DNA gyrase relieves the stress in the DNA molecule caused by strand separation.D) RNA primers on the lagging strand are synthesized by primase.E) all of the above.13. Which of the following is a feature of the wobble hypothesis? A) A tRNA can read only one codon.B) Some tRNAs can read codons that specify two different amino acids, although both amino acids are always nonpolar.C) The third base in a codon is always a normal Watson-Crick base pair.D) The “wobble” occurs only in the first base of the anticodon.E) A naturally occuring tRNA exists in yeast that can read both arginine and lysine codons.14. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the nucleotides, what ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence?A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur.B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides.C) The new nucleotides base pair accurately with those on the complementary strand.D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical one to replace it.E) The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.15. Which of the following statements regarding plasmid cloning vectors is false? A) They are small, circular DNAs (often a few thousand base pairs long).B) Foreign DNA fragments up to 100,000 base pairs can be cloned in a typical plasmid.C) Plasmids often contain genes that confer resistance to antibiotics.D) An origin of replication must be included in a plasmid to allow it to be propagated in E. coli.E) There may be multiple copies of a plasmid in a single host cell.316. The tryptophan operon of E. coli is repressed by tryptophan added to the growth medium.The tryptophan repressor probably:A) binds to RNA polymerase when tryptophan is present.B) binds to the trp operator in the absence of tryptophan.C) binds to the trp operator in the presence of tryptophan.D) is a DNA sequence.E) is an attenuator.17. Formation of the 70S ribosomal initiation complex for bacterial protein synthesis does not require: A) fMet-tRNAfMet.B) IF-2.C) GTP.D) mRNA.E) EF-Tu.18. Which of the following statements about E. coli RNA polymerase (core enzyme) is false?A) The RNA product is complementary to the DNA template.B) The RNA chain grows in a 53 direction.C) The core enzyme has no polymerizing activity until the 


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