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Harris BNL Nuclear Physics Seminar presented

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The ALICE Experiment at the LHCALICE CollaborationThe ALICE Heavy Ion ExperimentSlide 5Slide 6The ALICE ExperimentALICE Detectors & AcceptanceCentrality Determination in ALICEZero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC)ALICE - Global TrackingTrack EfficiencyMomentum ResolutionEnergy Loss (dE/dx) and PID in the TPCSlide 15Material BudgetHeavy Ion Physics at the LHCSoft Physics in ALICECharged-Particle Multiplicity DensitySoft Physics in ALICESlide 21Soft Physics in ALICESlide 24Slide 25Slide 26Soft Physics in ALICESlide 28Heavy Ion Physics at the LHCHard Probes in ALICEHeavy Quarks in ALICE - pt CoverageCharm and Beauty E-Loss : RAAHard Probes in ALICEQuarkonia PerformanceHard Probes in ALICEDetectors Utilized for High pT Jet, g, e PhysicsALICE EMCalEMCal Space FrameEMCal Space Frame above ALICELowering EMCal Space Frame down ALICE ShaftEMCal Space Frame at Bottom of Shaft / into ALICEEMCal Space Frame Being Inserted into ALICEEMCal Space Frame in Place in ALICEPhysics with the ALICE EMCal“Simple” Jet Energy Response in ALICEAnticipated Capabilities of ALICE with EMCalJet-finding – Much Work Already at LEP & TevatronJet-finding - Learning from the TevatronStart of Jet-finding at RHIC and LHCJet-finding Approach with Heavy IonsUsing Jet Cone AlgorithmGetting to the Fragmentation Function in PbPbMeasuring the PbPb Fragmentation FunctionALICE Jet Trigger Yields in an LHC Pb + Pb YearB-jet PhysicsElectron ID for B-jet Tagging in ALICESemi-leptonic B yields in ALICE EMCalALICE with EMCal Trigger & Electron IDTagging Jets with PhotonsParticle Identified Fragmentation FunctionsSummaryALICE in 2008 LHC RunALICE Goals for DataSpecial thanks to contributors:The ALICE Experiment at the LHCJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008LHCAliceDedicated “general purpose”Heavy Ion experiment at LHCALICE Collaboration~ 1000 Members (63% - CERN States)~ 30 Countries~ 100 Institutes~ 150 M CHF capital (+ magnet)0200400600800100012001990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004ALICE Collaboration statisticsLoIMoUTPTRDJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008The ALICE Heavy Ion ExperimentJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008John Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008The ALICE Magnet (L3)John Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar,2 September 2008ALICE InstallationJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar,2 September 2008The ALICE ExperimentALICE Detectors & Acceptance(charged particles)µ arm central barrel -0.9 < h < 0.9• Df = 2p tracking, PID (TPC/ITS/ToF)• single arm RICH (HMPID)• single arm e.m. cal (PHOS)• jet calorimeter (proposed EMCal) forward muon arm 2.4 < h < 4• absorber, 3 T-m dipole magnet10 tracking + 4 trigger chambers multiplicity detectors -5.4 < h < 3• including photon counting in PMD trigger & timing detectors• 6 Zero Degree Calorimeters• T0: ring of quartz window PMT's• V0: ring of scint. PaddlesJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar,2 September 200812/30/2020Centrality Determination in ALICEEvent by event determination of centrality:Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC) + Z Electro-Magnetic calorimeters (ZEM)E(ZDC) , E(ZEM) Nspec Npart Impact parameter (b) John Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar,2 September 2008John Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar,2 September 2008Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC)ZNZP Proton ZDC (ZP) Neutron ZDC (ZN) EM ZDC Dimensions (cm3) 12x21x150 7x7x100 7x7x21 Absorber brass W-alloy lead Fibre angle wrt LHC axis 0O 0O 45O Fibre  (m) 550 365 550 ZDC (ZN)• Forward calorimeters– 8 m (ZEM cal.) and 116 m (ZP, ZN) from IP– trigger on impact parameter (spectators)– v1 measurement • event plane– impact parameter in pA• effective Aa dependencedN/dy =8000 (slice: 2o in q) HMPIDTOFTRDTPCITSJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008ALICE - Global Tracking• Final refit inwards (for V0, 1-prong decays)• Primary Vertex from ITS• Extrapolate and connect to outer PID detectors• Back-propagate in TPC and TRD• Propagate to vertex, track in ITSParallel Kalman Filtering After cluster finding, start iterative process throughcentral tracking detectors, ITS+TPC+TRD:• Track seed in outer TPC12/30/2020Track EfficiencyFor realistic particle densitiesdN/dy = 2000 – 4000 combined efficiency well above 90%and fake track probability below 5%Challenge in high-particle density environmentall detectorsppEfficiency normalized to number of generated particles at primary vertexwithin the central acceptance |η|<0.9 protons – large absorption kaons – decays on flightJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008John Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008Momentum Resolutionat low momentum dominated by- ionization-loss fluctuations- multiple scattering at high momentum determined by- point measurement precision- and the alignment & calibration Central PbPbppRobust, redundant tracking from < 100 MeV/c to > 100 GeV/cLittle dependence on dN/dy to dN/dy ≈ 800012/30/2020Energy Loss (dE/dx) and PID in the TPCBethe-Bloch formula~6.5% resolution in central Pb+Pb2 2 2 222max2 2021 ( )2 ln2 2 2e em c m c EE ZzCx A Ig be d br bb� �� �D= - - -� �� �D� �� �separation powerto 50 GeVJohn Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008John Harris (Yale U.) BNL Physics Seminar, 2 September 2008Particle reconstruction and identification capabilities: unique to ALICE Global tracking (ITS-TPC-TRD) + dE/dx (low pT + relativ. rise), TOF, HMPID, PHOS, …Invariant mass, topological reconstruction Acceptance / efficiency / reconstruction rate (e) / contamination pT range (PID or stat. limits) for 107 central Pb-Pb and 109 min. bias pp Identified Particle SpectraPb-PbMid-rapidityPID in the


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