ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: CMOS Image SensorOutlineReference listSlide 4To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc)Overview: CMOS Image SensorsSlide 7Major applicationsMajor applicationsSlide 10Basic working principleBasic working principle Generate and Collect Charge3Basic working principle Convert to Voltage3Basic working principle Output the SignalSample configuration in application Digital CameraSlide 16LimitationsLimitations Advantages of the CMOS Image Sensor8Limitations Advantages of CMOS Image Sensor8Slide 20Limitations Disadvantages of CMOS Image SensorsSlide 22Major SpecificationsECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: CMOS Image SensorPrepared by: Jonathan MeikleDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State UniversityE: ; T: (435)797-; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.)W: http://3/10/200601/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-2Outline –Reference list–To probe further–Overview–Major applications–Basic working principle illustrated–A typical sample configuration in application (application notes)–Major specifications–Limitations: Advantages•Disadvantages01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-3Reference list•1. Dalsa Homepage “CCD vs. CMOS” <http://www.dalsa.com/markets/ccd_vs_cmos.asp>•2. WSDMAG Homepage. < http://images.google.com/images?q =cmos+image+sensors+image&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=ii&oi=imagest>•3. Turchetta, Renato; Spring, Kenneth R.; Davidson, Michael W., Molecular Expressions Homepage. “Introduction to CMOS Image Sensors” <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/digitalimaging/images/cmos/cmoschipsfigure1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/digitalimaging/cmosimagesensors.html&h=382&w=438&sz=79&tbnid=y1RNCfFVAz0J:&tbnh=107&tbnw=123&hl=en&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcmos%2Bimage%2Bsensors%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D&oi=imagesr&start=2>•4. STImicroelectronics homepage. < http://www.st.com/stonline/products/ applications /consumer/cmos_imaging/index.htm>01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-4Reference list•5. Suveillance~video Homepage. <http://www.surveillance-video.com/ctictcodoca.html>•6. How Stuff Works Homepage. <http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question631.htm>•7. mPHONE Homepage. <http://www.mphone.co.uk/>•8. Micron Homepage. <http://www.micron.com/>•9. Dalsa Homepage. “Image Sensor Architectures for Digital Cinematography” <http://www.dalsa.com/dc/documents/ Image_Sensor_Architecture_Whitepaper_D igital_Cinema_00218-00_03-70.pdf>•10. Beyond Logic Homepage. “CMOS Digital Image Sensors” <http://www.beyondlogic.org/imaging/camera.htm>01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-5To explore further (survival pointers of web references etc) •Dalsa Homepage. www.dalsa.com•Jack, Keith. HighText Publications. “Video Demystified a Handbook for the Digital Engineer” •Nadamura, Junichi “Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Still Cameras”01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-6Overview: CMOS Image Sensors•CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor•CMOS Image Sensors capture images digitally by converting light into electric charge and process it into electronic signals1Figure 1201/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-7Overview: CMOS Image Sensors•Image sensors (first introduced in early 1970’s) threaten to eclipse traditional image recording technology, i.e. film, video tubes, and photomultipliers.3 •CCD (charge-coupled devices) image devices have dominated the field since introduction due to immature CMOS technology.•Since early 1990’s CMOS Image Sensors have grown considerably and could overtake CCD as primary image sensor.01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-8Major applications •CMOS Image sensors find application in many optical applications:–Digital Still Cameras–Video surveillance Figure 24Figure 3501/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-9Major applications–Optical Mouse–Mobile PhonesFigure 46Figure 5701/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-10Major applications–Medical–Additional applications include: •IP videophone•Automotive Application•Machine vision•Bar code reader•Lighting controlFigure 6801/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-11Basic working principle•CMOS image sensors must perform three basic operations to complete its function. 9–Generate and collect charge–Convert to voltage–Output the signal01/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-12Basic working principleGenerate and Collect Charge3•CMOS chips sense light through the photoelectric effect•Photons contact the photodiodes (red, blue, and green area) and promote electrons from valence band to conduction bandFigure 7301/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-13•These electrons are collected in the potential well, and converted to a voltage within each pixel (photodiode)•The voltage is relatedto the intensity and wave-length of the incoming lightBasic working principleConvert to Voltage3Figure 8301/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-14•The voltage at each pixel can be selected by row and column busses•This signal is then ran through an A/D converter to generate a digital representation of the image.–Although not common, this conversion can be done on the CMOS chip, as shown in figure. 9Basic working principleOutput the SignalFigure 9901/14/19ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuatorsSlide-15Sample configuration in applicationDigital Camera•The CMOS Image Sensor is the “heart” of the digital camera•It creates a D/A output representing
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