PHYS 3446 Lecture #1Course MaterialAttendance and Class StyleGradingHigh Energy Physics at UTAStructure of MatterSlide 7Slide 8Role of Particle AcceleratorsFermilab Tevatron and CERN LHCThe International Linear ColliderParticle IdentificationSlide 13The Standard ModelSlide 15Building Detectors at UTAHigh Energy Physics Training + JobsMy Main Research InterestsDØ Forward Proton Detector (FPD)Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Fused Silica BarsMCP-PMT OperationTest BeamSlide 29Slide 30Data AcquisitionGood EventOnline Screen CaptureDtUndergraduate Student Research OpportunitiesSlide 36QUARTIC Bar Length StudiesSummaryPHYS 3446 Lecture #1Monday Aug 25, 2008Dr. Andrew Brandt1. Syllabus and Introduction2. HEP InfomercialThanks to Dr. Yu for developing electronic version of this classPlease turn off your cell-phones, pagers and laptops in class http://www-hep.uta.edu/~brandta/teaching/fa2008/teaching.htmlCourse Material •Nuclear Physics –Models of atom–Cross sections–Radiation•High Energy Experimental Techniques–Energy deposition in matter–Particle detector techniques and detectors–Accelerators•HEP Phenomenology–Elementary particle interactions–Symmetries–The Standard Model–Beyond the Standard ModelAttendance and Class Style•Attendance: –is STRONGLYSTRONGLY encouraged, to aid your motivation I give pop quizzes•Class style:–Lectures will be primarily on electronic media•The lecture notes will be posted AFTER each class–Will be mixed with traditional methods (blackboard)–Active participation through questions and discussion are STRONGLYSTRONGLY encouragedGrading•Midterms: 40%–2 Tests 20% each (Oct. 13, Nov. 24)–No Final–Exams will be curved if necessary–No makeup tests•Homework: 20% (No late homework)•Lab score: 20% (More about lab on Weds.)•Pop Quizzes: 10%•Project: 10% (report on significant result in nuclear/particle physics)High Energy Physics at UTAUTA faculty Andrew Brandt, Kaushik De, Amir Farbin, Andrew White, Jae Yu along with many post-docs, graduate and undergraduate students investigate the basic forces of nature through particle physics studies at the world’s highest energy acceleratorsIn the background is a photo of a sub-detector of the 5000 ton DØ detector. This sub-detector was designed and built at UTA and is currently operating at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago.Structure of MattercmMatter10-9mMolecule10-10m10-14mAtom NucleusAtomic PhysicsNuclearPhysicsHigh energy means small distancesNano-Science/Chemistry10-15mu<10-18mQuarkBaryonElectron<10-19mprotons, neutrons,mesons, etc.top, bottom,charm, strange,up, downHigh Energy Physics(Hadron)(Lepton)Periodic TableAll atoms are madeof protons, neutronsand electronsHelium NeonuduuddProtonNeutronElectronGluons hold quarks togetherPhotons hold atoms togetherWhat is High Energy Physics? Matter/Forces at the most fundamental level. Great progress! The “STANDARD MODELSTANDARD MODEL” BUT… many mysteries=> Why so many quarks/leptons??=> Why four forces?? Unification?=> Where does mass come from??=> Are there higher symmetries??What is the “dark matter”?? Will the LHC create a black hole that destroys the Earth? NO! See: http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/en/LHC/Safety-en.htmlRole of Particle Accelerators•Smash particles together•Act as microscopes and time machines–The higher the energy, the smaller object to be seen–Particles that only existed at a time just after the Big Bang can be made•Two method of accelerator based experiments:–Collider Experiments: pp, pp, e+e-, ep–Fixed Target Experiments: Particles on a target–Type of accelerator depends on research goalsFermilab Tevatron and CERN LHC•Currently Highest Energy proton-anti-proton collider –Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p 13M Joules on 10-4m2)Equivalent to the K.E. of a 20 ton truck at a speed 81 mi/hrChicagoTevatronp p CDFDØFermilab: http://www.fnal.gov/ ; DØ: http://www-d0.fnal.gov/ CERN: http://www.cern.ch/ ; ATLAS: http://atlas.web.cern.ch/• Highest Energy proton-proton collider in fall 2008 –Ecm=14 TeV (=44x10-7J/p 1000M Joules on 10-4m2)Equivalent to the K.E. of a 20 ton truck at a speed 711 mi/hr1500 physicists130 institutions30 countries5000 physicists250 institutions60 countriesThe International Linear Collider33km=21miEuropean Design500 GeV (800 GeV)47 km=29 miUS Design500 GeV (1 TeV)•Long~ linear electron-position colliders•Optimistically 15 years from now•Takes 10 years to build an accelerator and the detectorsParticle IdentificationInteractionPointelectronphotonjetmuonneutrino -- or any non-interacting particle missing transverse momentumÄBScintillating FiberSilicon TrackingCharged Particle TracksCalorimeter (dense)EM hadronicEnergyWire ChambersMagnetMuon TracksWe know x,y starting momenta is zero, butalong the z axis it is not, so many of our measurements are in the xy plane, or transverseDØ Detector•Weighs 5000 tons•As tall as a 5 story building•Can inspect 3,000,000 collisions/second•Record 100 collisions/second•Records 10 Mega-bytes/second•Recording 0.5x1015 (500,000,000,000,000) bytes per year (0.5 PetaBytes).30’ 30’ 50’ ATLAS Detector•Weighs 10,000 tons•As tall as a 10 story building•Can inspect 1,000,000,000 collisions/second•Will record 200 collisions/second•Records 300 Mega-bytes/second•Will record 2.0x1015 (2,000,000,000,000,000) bytes each year (2 PetaByte).The Standard Model•Current list of elementary (i.e. indivisible) particles•Antiparticles have opposite charge, same massThe strong force is different from E+M and gravity!new property, color chargeconfinement - not usual 1/r2Standard Model has been very successfulbut has too many parameters, does notexplain origin of mass. Continue to probeand attempt to extend model.UTA and Particle PhysicsFermilab/ChicagoCERN/GenevaILC? U.S.?Building Detectors at UTAHigh Energy Physics Training + JobsEXPERIENCE:1) Problem solving 2) Data analysis3) Detector construction4) State-of-the-art high speed electronics 5) Computing (C++, Python, Linux, etc.)6) Presentation 7) Travel JOBS:1) Post-docs/faculty positions2) High-tech industry3) Computer programming and development4) FinancialMy Main Research Interests•Physics with Forward Proton Detectors•Fast timing detectors•Triggering (selecting the events to write to tape): at ATLAS 200/40,000,000 events/secDØ Forward Proton
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