DOI: 10.1126/science.1133420 , 1126 (2007); 315Science et al.C. von Mering,Communities in Diverse EnvironmentsQuantitative Phylogenetic Assessment of Microbial www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of August 14, 2009 ):The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1126version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the onlineUpdated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1133420/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1126#otherarticles, 14 of which can be accessed for free: cites 32 articlesThis article 33 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited byThis article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1126#otherarticles 13 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited byThis article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/microbioMicrobiology : subject collectionsThis article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this articlepermission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprintsInformation about obtaining registered trademark of AAAS. is aScience2007 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title CopyrightAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by theScience on August 14, 2009 www.sciencemag.orgDownloaded fromM. R. Waters, Eds. (Center for the Study of the FirstAmericans, College Station, TX, 2005), pp. 113–132.2. M. B. Collins, Clovis Blade Technology (Univ. of TexasPress, Austin, TX, 1999).3. K. B. Tankersley, in The Settlement of the AmericanContinents: A Multidisciplinary Approach to HumanBiogeography, C. M. Barton, G. A. Clark, D. R. Yesner,G. A. Pearson, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ,2004), pp. 49–63.4. T. W. Stafford Jr., P. E. Hare, L. Currie, A. J. T. Jull,D. J. Donahue, J. Archaeol. Sci. 18, 35 (1991).5. Materials and methods are available as supportingmaterial on Science Online.6. G. A. Pearson, in The Settlement of the AmericanContinents: A Multidisciplinary Approach to HumanBiogeography, C. M. Barton, G. A. Clark, D. R. Yesner,G. A. Pearson, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ,2004), pp. 85–102.7. A. C. Roosevelt, J. Douglas, L. Brown, in The FirstAmericans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the NewWorld, no. 27 of Memoirs of the California Academy ofSciences, N. G. Jablonski, Ed. (California Academy ofSciences, San Francisco, CA, 2002), pp. 159–235.8. C. V. Haynes Jr., in Radiocarbon After Four Decades: AnInterdisciplinary Perspective, R. E. Taylor, A. Long,R. S. Kra, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992),pp. 355–374.9. S. J. Fiedel, Am. Antiq. 64-1, 95 (1999).10. S. Bondevik, J. Mangerud, H. H. Birks, S. Gulliksen,P. Reimer, Science 312, 1514 (2006).11. B. Kromer et al., Radiocarbon 46-3, 1203 (2004).12. R. G. Fairbanks et al., Quat. Sci. Rev. 24, 1781 (2005).13. S. J. Fiedel, J. Archaeol. Res. 8-1, 39 (2000).14. C. A. S. Mandryk, H. Josenhans, D. W. Fedje,R. W. Mathewes, Quat. Sci. Rev. 20, 301 (2001).15. B. Bradley, D. Stanford, World Archaeol. 36, 459 (2004).16. T. D. Hamilton, T. Goebel, in Ice Age Peoples of NorthAmerica: Environments, Origins, and Adaptations of theFirst Americans, R. Bonnichsen, K. L. Turnmire, Eds.(Oregon State Univ. Press, Corvallis, OR, 1999),pp. 156–199.17. J. F. Hoffecker, W. R. Powers, T. Goebel, Science 259,46(1993).18. R. Bonnichsen, in Clovis: Origins and Adaptations,R. Bonnichsen, K. L. Turnmire, Eds. (Oregon State Univ.Press, Corvallis, OR, 1991), pp. 309–329.19. G. C. Frison, Ed., The Mill Iron Site (Univ. of New MexicoPress, Albuquerque, NM, 1996).20. J. R. Johnson, T. W. Stafford Jr., H. O. Ajie, D. P. Morris,in Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium(U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals ManagementService, Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region,Washington, DC, 23 March to 1 April 1999),pp. 541–544.21. T. Goebel, B. Hockett, K. Graf, D. Rhode, paper presente dat the 30th Great Basin Anthropological Conference,Las Vegas, NV, 19 to 21 October 2006.22. L. Miotti, M. C. Salemme, Quat. Int. 109-110, 95 (2003).23. M. Barbetti et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 223-224B,366 (2004).24. D. G. Anderson, J. C. Gillam, Am. Antiq. 65-1, 43 (2000).25. D. F. Overstreet, in Paleoamerican Origins: BeyondClovis, R. Bonnichsen, B. T. Lepper, D. Stanford,M. R. Waters, Eds. (Center for the Study of the FirstAmericans, College Station, TX, 2005), pp. 183–195.26. D. J. Joyce, Quat. Int. 142-143, 44 (2006).27. T. D. Dillehay, Ed., Monte Verde: A Late PleistoceneSettlement in Chile: Volume 2: The ArchaeologicalContext and Interpretation (Smithsonian Institution Press,Washington, DC, 1997).28. G. K. Ward, S. R. Wilson, Archaeometry 20, 19 (1978).29. We thank A. Hannus, C. V. Haynes, J. Gingerich ,G. Frison, and A. Hemmings for providing samples fordating; M. Payn and the North Star ArchaeologicalResearch Program established by J. Cramer andR. Cramer for providing funding; P. Reimer andJ. Southon for providing advice on14C calibration;D. Carlson, T. Goebel, J. Southon, S. Forman, and threeanonymous reviewers for offering useful comments toimprove this paper; and L. Lind, C. Pevny, J. Halligan,and P. Johnson for helping in the preparation of the textand illustrations.Supporting Online Materialwww.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1122/DC1Materials and MethodsSOM TextTable S1References3 November 2006; accepted 12 January 200710.1126/science.1137166Quantitative Phylogenetic Assessmentof Microbial Communities inDiverse EnvironmentsC. von Mering,1* P. Hugenholtz,2J. Raes,1S. G. Tringe,2T. Doerks,1L. J. Jensen,1N. Ward,3P. Bork1†The taxonomic composition of environmental communities is an important indicator of theirecology and function. We used a set of protein-coding marker genes, extracted from large-scaleenvironmental shotgun sequencing data, to provide a more direct, quantitative, and accuratepicture of community composition than that provided by traditional ribosomal RNA–basedapproaches depending on the polymerase chain reaction. Mapping marker genes from fourdiverse environmental data sets onto a reference species phylogeny shows that certaincommunities evolve
View Full Document
Unlocking...