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MIT 6 893 - Pervasive Computing

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6.893 Pervasive ComputingCourse OverviewWhat is pervasive computing?Oxygen VisionPervasive, Human-Centric ComputingSo, what do we mean?Look back to see aheadFinding and naming stuffOrganization of materialH21 componentsiPAQ 3870Linux on H21H21 BackpaqV3 Backpaq Block DiagramPhilips ImagerAdditional AccelerometersAccelerometer Linux DevicesReading the AccelerometersAudio Headset JackSRAMPCMCIA SlotsLVDS ConnectorBackpaq FPGAXilinx XCV300EReferencesOxygen Integration Scenario DemonstrationLocation Aware ComputingMobile Video ConferenceBest Available ResourcesLocation AwarenessSwitch Between Network ResourcesSwitch Between Physical ResourcesSlide 33One More TimeFuture Mobility Technology6.893Pervasive ComputingLarry Rudolph6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphCourse OverviewTwo sets of students -- MIT and SMATwo parts to classIndividual technologies (PS & Quiz)Group projects MaterialsiPaq, backpaq, cricket, ??Slides, handouts, notes (raw)TA’s -- filter for your questionsAlbert @ MIT, ???@ SMA6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphWhat is pervasive computing?Post PC -- PC not the centerDigital devices all around us Ubiquitous ComputingMark Weisner -- Calm ComputingOxygen VisionTo bring an abundance of computation & communication within easy reach of humansthrough natural perceptual interfaces of speech and visionso computation blends into peoples’ lives enabling them to easily do tasks they want to do:collaborate, access knowledge, automate routine tasks6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphPervasive, Human-Centric ComputingWhat do these words mean?Computers are already pervasiveeven in Boston and SingaporeComputers are already human-centricare they for the birds?It’s not really about computingwe already know how to do that6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphSo, what do we mean?PervasiveShould be where we need themnot have to go to them or set them upHuman-centricComputers should adapt to humanscomputation enters our world/environmentComputingComputer-mediated functiondigital media6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphLook back to see aheadMonolithic Programs & HardwareDecompose into interactive piecesCompose to build large thingContinue decomposing into autonomous, interacting components6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphFinding and naming stufFew itemsUse listMany itemsUse heirarchyVery many itemsUse multi-index6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphOrganization of materialTop-downwould be nice to start writing appsbut we are not there yetBottom-upBuild on what is knownKeyboard, mouse, penLocation, Speech, MultimodalIntegrative Technologies6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphH21 componentsHardwareiPAQBackpaqWireless CommunicationLocation sensingSoftware– Linux – Landcam– Galaxy Audio Interface– Cricket Location Reporting6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphiPAQ 38703870 iPAQ– 206 MHz Strong Arm– 64 Mbytes SDRAM– 32 Mbytes flash storage– Bluetooth– SD/MMC card slot– 16 bit color display5500 iPAQ– 400 MHz Xscale– 128 Mbytes SDRAM–48 Mbytes flash storage– Bluetooth & WiFi– SD/MMC card slot– 16 bit color display6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphLinux on H21Why Linux?Linux allows full access to all softwareCommon development with desktopCan use open source code from many sourcesPorting Linux to a handheld deviceMore difficult than standard PC or LaptopNon-standard interfaces (screen, control FPGAs, touch screen, …)Requires rewritable Flash ROMsFor iPaq, port done by HP’s Cambridge Research Lab6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphH21 BackpaqRedesigned BackPaq (Version 3)Philips imager (640x480 CMOS color imager UPA1022)Larger FPGA (Xilinx Virtex 300E)256k x 16 SRAMLower power3-axis accelerometer in camera housing2-axis accelerometer in BackpaqDual PCMCIA slotsAudio input/output codec and headset jack32 MBytes Flash in BackpaqLVDS Connector from FPGA pinsLion Battery6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphV3 Backpaq Block DiagramCricketListenerXilinxCool RunnerCPLDiPAQ32MFlashXilinx300EFPGAPCMCIA Slot 0PCMCIA Slot 1CameraAccelAccelSRAM256kx16AudioLVDSConnectorAccel6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphPhilips ImagerPhilips UPA1022 Imager640x480 CMOSImproved image processing 9 bits/pixel/colorFixed focus optics6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphAdditional AccelerometersThree Accelerometers:One on Backpaq PCBOne perpendicularOne in camera plane6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphAccelerometer Linux Devices2-Axis accelerometer (on main PCB)/dev/backpaq/accel Each read returns X and Y acceleration values2-Axis accelerometer (on camera PCB)/dev/backpaq/cam_accelEach read returns X and Y acceleration values3-Axis accelerometer (in camera housing)/dev/backpaq/cam_accel_xyzCreated from 2 perpendicular 2-axis accelerometersEach read returns X, Y and Z acceleration values6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphReading the AccelerometersLinux character deviceOpen the device:fd = open(“/dev/backpaq/accel”,O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY);Read from the devicestruct h3600_backpaq_accel_data accel_buffer;read(fd,&accel_buffer,sizeof(accel_buffer));The structure returned:struct h3600_backpaq_accel_data { short x_acceleration;short y_acceleration;From:http://cvs.handhelds.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/apps/backpaq/oneko/6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphAudio Headset JackMono-input / Mono-outputSame codec as iPAQDriver and FPGA code under development nowCell phone headset connector (2.5mm)6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphSRAM64K 16-bit wordsCypress CY7C1021BV-33-10BAC10ns Asynchronous SRAMConnected to FPGAPlanned for use in image processing on FPGA6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphPCMCIA SlotsDual PCMCIA Slots16-bit cards (Not CardBus) supported todayPins driven directly from the FPGAHardware supports CardBus cardsCould implement CardBus controller in FPGA6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphLVDS ConnectorLow Voltage Differential Signaling10 differential signal pairsor 20 single signalsDriven from Xilinx 300E FPGA5 Power and 5 ground pins30 pin flex cable ZIF connector6.893 Spring 2004: Introduction Larry RudolphBackpaq FPGAControls Backpaq functionality:CameraAccelerometersPCMCIA SlotsAudioLVDS ConnectorSRAMReprogramablecat fpga.bin > /dev/backpaq/fpgaAutomatically loaded from (/etc/fpga.bin) on each power cycleOpen source VHDL (8K


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MIT 6 893 - Pervasive Computing

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