1CSE 480/CIS 700: Distributed Real-Time and Embedded SystemsInsup LeeDepartment of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaSeptember 7, 2006Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 7002CSE 480/CIS 700, Fall 2006 Class: Towne 313, 1:30-3 pm, TTh Instructors: o Insup Leey Email: [email protected] Office: 602 Leviney Office Hours: 4-5 pm, TTho Sebastian Fischmeistery Email: [email protected] Office: 264 Levine Northy Office Hours: TBD Lab: 269 GRW (Levine North) Home page: www.cis.upenn.edu/~lee/06cse480/Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 7003Topics for the course How to program an embedded processor Temporal Constraints in Programming Languages Programming paradigmso Execution/Data-flow/Resource Semantics (Esterel, Giotto, RTSJ)o Quantum Programming RTOS/Middleware Real-Time Scheduling Embedded Networks, Network Code Machine Requirements, Design Specifications, Software Architecture Verification, Validation, and TestingFall '06CSE 480/CIS 7004Assignments & Grading Expected to do:o Lab assignmentso Homework assignments (e.g., short summaries)o Term project Possible Projectso Programming in ACSR support (a la QP) o GBP support on Motes (extend TinyGBP in nesC)o Modular robotso Real-time software analysiso …Challenges and Opportunities for Embedded SystemsInsup LeeDepartment of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaSeptember 7, 2005Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 7006Example Embedded SystemsAutomobilesHandheldMedicalAirplanesMilitaryEntertainment2Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 7007Profusion of Embedded Systems Two types of computing systemso Desktops, servers, clusters, gridso Embedded The next frontiero Mainframe computing (60’s-70’s)y Large computers to execute big data processing applicationso Desktop computing & Internet (80’s-90’s)y One computer at every desk to do business/personal activitieso Ubiquitous/physical computing (00’s-?)y Numerous computing devices in every place/persony “Invisible” part of the environmenty Automobiles, entertainment, communication, avionics, mobile devices, medical devices, sensor nets Number of units per yearo Millions for desktopso Billions for embedded processors Number of motors in a household (10’s) vs. number of embedded systems (100’s) Applications:o Hybrid and embedded systemsy Aerospace, automobiles, robotics, process control, sensor networks, smart spaceso Multimediay Virtual reality, immersive environment, tele-presenceo Consumer electronicsy Mobile phones, office electronics, digital applianceso Network componentsy Bridges, routers, switches, hubso Medical devices and instrumentsy Patient monitoring, MRI, infusion pumps, artificial organso E-businessy ATM, vending machineso Distributed and grid computingy Critical infrastructure defense system, air traffic control, intelligent highway systems, emergence response systemo Wireless sensor netsy Environmental monitoring, agriculture, transportationo Etc.Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 7008Key Trends and Economic Impact Increasing complexity Increasing integration and networking interoperability Growing importance and reliance on software Increasing number of non-functional constraints Shortening time to market Reuse of existing hardware and software components Great variety of component types Open standards Cost-effective production of dependable, secure, and innovative systems[EU Study]Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 7009Embedded Software Greater impact of information technology on embedded systems. Software development accounts for 70-80 % of the overall development cost  Characteristicso Tightly-coupled to the physical world, i.e., interacts with (or reacts to) its environmento Correct operation is subject to y Physical constraints imposed by the environment Need to operate/adapt/communicate in real-timey Resource constraints of the device Space, size, power, memory, weighto Heterogeneity, networked at extreme scaley Interoperability, stability, fault-tolerance, QoS guaranteeso Sociological and ethical requirementsy Usability - users are not system expertsy Dependability, robustness, and safetyy Security and privacy.Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 70010Example: Automotive Telematics In 2005, 30-90 processors per caro Engine control, Break system, Airbag deployment systemo Windshield wiper, door locks, entertainment systemso Example: BMW 745iy 2,000,000 LOCy Window CE OSy Over 60 microprocessors 53 8-bit, 11 32-bit, 7 16-bity Multiple networksy Buggy? Problemso Disparity between the design cycle of a car and the design cycle of embedded componentso Difficult to upgradeo Not possible to integrate the user’s own devices into a carFall '06CSE 480/CIS 70011Example: Home and Personal AppliancesYr~2025~2015Volume / Diversity2005Smart homes, home theaters, games, smart cars, etc.Intelligent devices, tools, appliances and software for assisted livingHome care facilities[Liu]Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 70012Embedded Home Environment3Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 70013Embedded Software - Goals Trustworthy: should not fail (or at least gracefully degrade), and safe to use. The existence of embedded software becomes apparent onlywhen an embedded system fails. Context- and Situation-Aware: should be able to sense people, environment, and threats and to plan/notify/actuate responses toprovide real-time interaction with the dynamically changing physical environment with limited resources. Seamless Integration: should be invisible at multiple levels of a hierarchy: home systems, metropolitan systems, regional systems,and national systems. Validation and Certification: should be able to assure that embedded systems work correctly with respect to functional and nonfunctional requirements with high degree of certainty.Fall '06CSE 480/CIS 70014Challenges Assuring high confidenceo Safety, reliability, correctness …o QoS such as real-time, performance, security Safety-critical computing systemso Design errors can be catastrophic Design, testing, certification are very expensiveo Money and time as well as innovation Large scale, heterogeneous systemso Verified composition for embedded systemso Interoperability Heterogeneous (or hybrid) systemso Integrate computing with physics Educationo Inadequate education in embedded systemso inadequate education in system architecture/integration Partial List of Embedded System failureso Denver baggage handling system ($300M)o Power blackout in NY (2003)o Ariane 5 (1996)o