Medical Surgical NursingSlide 2Unit 1 Fluid and ElectrolytesSlide 4HomeostasisWater Content of the BodyFluid BalanceCompartmentsFluid Compartments of the BodyExtracellular Fluid (ECF)Interstitial ComponentSlide 12Fluid RegulationSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Osmosis VS. DiffusionSlide 18ElectrolytesElectrolyte CompositionRegulation of ElectrolytesActive Transport: Sodium–Potassium PumpFluid Movement in CapillariesFluid Exchange Between Capillary and TissueOsmolalityOsmolalityFluid Volume ShiftsCauses of Third-SpacingAssessment of Third-SpacingSlide 30Phases of Third-SpacingTreatmentTreatment GoalsExtracellular Fluid Volume ImbalancesFluid Volume DeficitFluid volume deficitSlide 37Signs and SymptomsLabsSignificant PointsSlide 41Nursing Management Nursing DiagnosesInterventionsSlide 44Regulation of Water BalanceSlide 46Slide 47Slide 48Where is a lot of this happening in the body?Renal RegulationEffects of Stress on F&E BalanceGastrointestinal RegulationExtracellular Fluid Volume ImbalancesCausesSigns/SymptomsSlide 56Nursing Management Nursing ImplementationSlide 58Electrolyte ImbalancesElectrolyte Disorders Signs and SymptomsSlide 61SodiumDifferential Assessment of ECF VolumeHypernatremiaSigns/SymptomsSlide 66Slide 67HyponatremiaSlide 69Slide 70PotassiumSlide 72HyperkalemiaSlide 74Slide 75Slide 76Slide 77Slide 78HypokalemiaSlide 80Slide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84CalciumSlide 86Slide 87Slide 88HypercalcemiaSlide 90Slide 91Slide 92HypocalcemiaSlide 94Tests for HypocalcemiaSlide 96Slide 97PhosphateSlide 99HyperphosphatemiaSlide 101Slide 102HypophosphatemiaSlide 104Slide 105MagnesiumSlide 107HypermagnesemiaSlide 109Slide 110HypomagnesemiaSlide 112Slide 113IV Fluid ReplacementIV Fluid ReferenceSlide 116IV FluidsSlide 118Slide 119Normal Saline (NS)Slide 121Lactated Ringer’sPlasma ExpandersCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Medical Surgical Nursing Medical Surgical Nursing NURS 127NURS 127Megan Rohm, MNc, BSN, RN-BCMegan Rohm, MNc, BSN, RN-BCToday: Today: Introduce ourselvesIntroduce ourselvesIntroduce the courseIntroduce the course-Syllabus-Syllabus•Fluids and ElectrolytesFluids and ElectrolytesCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Medical Surgical Nursing Medical Surgical Nursing NURS 127NURS 127Unit One Topics:Unit One Topics:Fluids and ElectrolytesFluids and ElectrolytesImmune SystemImmune SystemCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Unit 1Unit 1Fluid and ElectrolytesFluid and ElectrolytesMeganRohm, BSN,RNMeganRohm, BSN,RNAcknowledgements to ElsevierAcknowledgements to ElsevierCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Unit 1Unit 1Fluid and ElectrolytesFluid and ElectrolytesObjectives:Objectives:1)1)Explain how water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependentExplain how water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent2)2)List, describe and compare the body fluid compartmentsList, describe and compare the body fluid compartments3)3)Discuss active and passive transport processes and give examples of eachDiscuss active and passive transport processes and give examples of each4)4)Discuss the role of specific electrolytes in maintaining homeostasisDiscuss the role of specific electrolytes in maintaining homeostasis5)5)Describe the cause and effect of deficits and excesses of sodium, potassium, Describe the cause and effect of deficits and excesses of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, & phosphoruschloride, calcium, magnesium, & phosphorus6)6)Discuss the role of the nursing process in maintaining fluid and electrolyte Discuss the role of the nursing process in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balances.balances.7)7)Discuss how the very young, very old, and obese patient are at risk for fluid Discuss how the very young, very old, and obese patient are at risk for fluid volume deficit.volume deficit.Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Homeostasis Homeostasis State of equilibrium in body State of equilibrium in body Naturally maintained by adaptive Naturally maintained by adaptive responses responses Body fluids and electrolytes are Body fluids and electrolytes are maintained within narrow limitsmaintained within narrow limitsCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Water Content of the BodyWater Content of the Body60% of body weight in adult60% of body weight in adult45% to 55% in older adult45% to 55% in older adult70% to 80% in infants70% to 80% in infantsVaries with gender, body mass, and ageVaries with gender, body mass, and ageCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Fluid BalanceFluid BalanceCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.CompartmentsCompartmentsIntracellular fluid (ICF)Intracellular fluid (ICF)_______ ______ _____________ ______ ______cell membranecell membraneExtracellular fluid (ECF)Extracellular fluid (ECF)Interstitial = Interstitial = tissuetissue____________________________________________capillary membranecapillary membraneIntravascular (plasma)Intravascular (plasma)Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Fluid Compartments of the Fluid Compartments of the BodyBodyCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Extracellular Fluid (ECF)Extracellular Fluid (ECF)One third of body fluidOne third of body fluid3 major components 3 major components 1)1)Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid2)2)Intravascular Intravascular 3)3)Transcellular fluidTranscellular fluid•over or across the cellsover or across the cellsCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.Interstitial ComponentInterstitial ComponentFluid btwn cellsFluid btwn cellsSurrounds cellsSurrounds cellsTransport medium for nutrients, gases, Transport medium for nutrients, gases, waste products and other substances waste products and other substances btwn blood and body cellsbtwn blood and body cellsAlso acts as a back up fluid reservoirAlso acts as a back up fluid reservoirCopyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of
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