12/1/20091Outline Just For You…Outline Just For You… Agricultural Polices  Food Stamp Policy Food Marketing Towards Children School Healthy Food Policies Potential Fast Food PoliciesHISTORYHISTORY Agricultural Policy- describes a set of laws relating to domestic agriculture and imports of foreign agricultural products. These policies are usually formed with the general goal of achieving a specific outcome in the domestic agricultural product markets. Outcomes involve, guaranteed supply levels, price stability, product quality, product selection, land use or employment.Four Four Primary Agricultural Primary Agricultural Policy PeriodsPolicy Periods 1929-1954: New Deal Period 1954-1970: Flexible Price Support Period 1970-1996: Coupled Direct Payments 1996-Present: Decoupled Direct PaymentsMajor Acts in the New Deal Major Acts in the New Deal PeriodPeriod Federal Farm Board Act of 1929 Established to assist with the marketing of agricultural products at the beginning of the Great Depression The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 Known as the first farm bill which established price and income support for producers.Major Acts in the New Major Acts in the New Deal Period ContinuedDeal Period Continued Soil Conservation Act of 1936 Linked soil conservation with the commodity programs Agricultural Act of 1949 Established high and fixed price support along with acreage allotments.12/1/20092Major Acts in the Flexible Major Acts in the Flexible Price Support PeriodPrice Support Period Agricultural Act of 1954 Established flexible price support for commodity programs. Agricultural Act of 1956 Soil Bank was established which used conservation reserve for supply management Food and Agricultural Act of 1965 Reduced price supports with new income support payments.Agricultural Act Major Acts in the Agricultural Act Major Acts in the Coupled Direct Payments PeriodCoupled Direct Payments Period Agricultural Act of 1970 Developed a Rural Development title in the farm bill. Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 Established target prices and deficiency payments to replace price support in order for producers to be more market driven.Major Acts in the Coupled Direct Major Acts in the Coupled Direct Payments Period ContinuedPayments Period Continued Food and Agricultural Act of 1977 Developed the Food Stamp program along with other commodity distribution programs. Food Security Act of 1985 Re-established conservation reserve program. Introduced marketing loan provisions to commodity loam programs to reduce government surpluses of forfeited commodities. Major Acts in the Decoupled Major Acts in the Decoupled Direct Payments PeriodDirect Payments Period Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 Introduced much more flexibility of what the producer planted. Direct payments based on historical yields replaced price support and supply control mechanisms. Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 Introduced counter cyclical payments based on historical yields which get paid when prices fall below a target price. Allowed updating of historical base.Food TransitionFood Transition http://www.mnn.com/food/videos/michael-pollan-a-history-of-food-policyMeasuring ObesityMeasuring Obesity12/1/20093Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index (BMI) A statistical measurement that compares a person's weight and height to estimate a healthy body weight.  Most widely utilized diagnostic tool used to identify weight problems within a population, usually whether individuals are underweight, overweight, or obese.BMI ContinuedBMI Continued Severely underweight less than 16.5 Underweight from 16.5 to 18.4 Normal from 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight from 25 to 29.9 Obese Class I from 30 to 34.9 Obese Class II from 35 to 40 Obese Class III over 40Obesity & Food StampsObesity & Food StampsObesity & Poverty StatsObesity & Poverty Stats Nearly 35% of those who are 100% to 200% below the poverty line are obese, 3% above national average. Seventy-three percent of Hispanic American women and nearly 80% of Black women are overweight compared to 57% of non Hispanic White women Twenty five percent of Black individuals are poor and so are 21.8% of Hispanic Americans of any origin, compared to only 8.3% of non-Hispanic WhitesDefinitionsDefinitions Food security: access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.  Food insecurity: the lack of access to enough quality food for an active and healthy life Hunger: the uneasy or painful sensation caused by a lack of food.12/1/20094Food Insecurity StatisticsFood Insecurity Statistics Affecting 11.1% of the population in 2007. Female-headed households had a food insecurity prevalence rate of 30.2%, or almost 3 times the national average. More than 12.4 million children experienced food insecurity in 2007. Food insecurity costs about $90 billion per year in increased medical care costs, lost educational attainment and worker productivity, and investment burden into the emergency food system.Food Stamps Program Food Stamps Program (FSP)(FSP) FSP is a government program developed after the Great Depression and expanded on during the 1970s as a way to supplement the food-buying power of low-income households.  In 2005, the FSP benefited 25.6 million people at a cost of $31.1 billion The goal of the FSP is to eliminate hunger through increasing food consumption. How FSP works!How FSP works! FSP participants are given electronic benefit cards with set values to be used at grocery stores to purchase food.  Alcohol, tobacco, in-store prepared food, and nonfood items are not covered by this program.  To qualify for this benefit, a household’s gross monthly income must NOT exceed 130% of the government’s poverty guidelines. Example: The gross monthly income for a household of 5 people would have to be under $2,450 and their net monthly income under $1,885 to qualify for maximum benefits of $601 a month. Food Stamps & FoodFood Stamps & Food Purchase lower cost red meats, milk, and yogurt Meat and meat alternatives accounting for 35% Fruits and vegetables accounting for 20%  Grains accounting for 20% FSP participants demonstrated significantly increased consumption of processed meats, added sugar, and fats over the baseline in all