Class Information CMPE 257 Wireless and Mobile Networking Meeting time Tue and Thu 4 5 45pm Location BE 156 Spring 2003 Lecture 1 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 1 Class Information cont d J J Garcia Luna Katia Obraczka Class resources E mail jj cse Web page www cse ucsc edu classes cmpe257 Spring05 E mail katia cse Yu Wang 2 Class Information cont d Instructors CMPE 257 Spring 2005 E mail ywang cse TA Kumar Viswanath E mail kumarv cse CMPE 257 Spring 2005 3 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 4 1 Course Objective Class Format Cover topics on wireless mobile networking Emphasis on wireless ad hoc networks Emphasis on MAC and above protocols CMPE 257 Spring 2005 Stay tuned for updates as papers get added CMPE 257 Spring 2005 6 2 exams 40 Homeworks 10 Project 50 Academic integrity violations will not be tolerated CMPE 257 Spring 2005 All students must have read papers beforehand Grading Initial set of papers will provided on the class Web page Lot s of papers Research papers In class discussion 5 Reading List 7 Results in failing the class automatically and more If there are questions don t hesitate to ask CMPE 257 Spring 2005 8 2 Project Project Submission Projects are individual List of suggested projects will be provided Students can pick from that list or suggest their own project CMPE 257 Spring 2005 9 Topics 1 Project proposals Progress reports Project presentation and demo CMPE 257 Spring 2005 10 Topics 2 Introduction MAC layer issues Unicast routing in MANETs Multicast routing in MANETs Wireless internetworking mobile IP FLIP Topology management E2E protocols Bluetooth CMPE 257 Spring 2005 11 Tracking and location management Applications Security CMPE 257 Spring 2005 12 3 Wireless everywhere Today Introduction CMPE 257 Spring 2005 13 Wireless evolution Radio TV Mobile phones Satellites 1960s CMPE 257 Spring 2005 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 14 Wireless Technologies Wireless telegraph Marconi 1896 Between then and now Remote control Cordless telephone Headsets Garage openers Badges Cell phones modems Radio Pagers Satellite TV Wireless LAN cards Cellular wireless Wireless local area networks 15 Mesh networks Satellites Multi hop wireless Wireless local loop CMPE 257 Spring 2005 16 4 Cellular Networks Cellular Networks Evolution Shift from voice to data New wireless devices pagers PDAs New services Web access e mail instant messaging etc Evidence of the wireless success 1st Generation 1G analog technology CMPE 257 Spring 2005 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 TDMA standards Global System Mobile GSM Interim Standard 13 IS 136 or NDSC Pacific Digital Cellular PDC Digital modulation TDMA and CDMA Lighter smaller devices with longer battery life Better reception and channel utilization 19 Europe Asia Australia South America North and South America and Australia Similar to IS 136 Japan CDMA standard CMPE 257 Spring 2005 18 Example 2G Standards Most of today s cellular networks use 2G standards Early 90s Digital technology FDMA Analog FM 17 Second Generation 2G Since 1996 number of new mobile phone subscribers exceeded number of new fixed phone subscribers Interim Standard 95 IS 95 North and South America Korea Japan China Australia CMPE 257 Spring 2005 20 5 2G Evolution 3G Wireless Networks Towards providing data communication New data centric standards Retrofit 2G to support higher data throughput 2 5G standards Support higher data rates for Web browsing e g WAP e mail mcommerce etc Multi megabit Internet access VoIP ubiquitous always on access Single mobile device for everything integrated service approach New world wide standard CMPE 257 Spring 2005 International Mobile Telephone 2000 IMT 2000 21 Wireless Local Loop WLL CMPE 257 Spring 2005 WLL Home Base station Wireless last mile Office Switching Center Between central office and homes and businesses close by Fixed wireless service Developing countries remote areas Broadband access Microwave or millimeter radio frequencies CMPE 257 Spring 2005 22 23 Directional antennas Allow for very high data rate signals tens or hundreds Mbs But need LOS no obstacles CMPE 257 Spring 2005 24 6 Wireless Local Area Networks 802 11 Evolution Local area connectivity using wireless communication IEEE 802 11 WLAN standard Example WaveLan Aironet Wireless LAN may be used for Last hop to a wireless host Wireless connectivity between hosts on the LAN CMPE 257 Spring 2005 25 Other WLAN Standards Europe mid 1990s Similar capability to IEEE 802 11b CMPE 257 Spring 2005 802 11a up to 54 Mbps in 5 GHz band 802 11b 5 5 and 11 Mbps and more CMPE 257 Spring 2005 Proponents of 802 11 frequency hopingspread spectrum FH SS HomeRF 2 0 10 Mbps FH SS HIPERLAN But as of late 2001 only DS SS modems had been standardized for high rates 11Mbps 26 Bluetooth and PANs HomeRF Working group founded in 1987 Standard came out in 1997 Includes infrared Originally featured FH and DS 27 PAN personal area network Open standard for enabling various devices to communicate short range 10 m range Named after King Harald Bluetooth 10th century Viking united Denmark and Norway Home appliances office equipment wearable computing equipment CMPE 257 Spring 2005 28 7 Cellular Concept Motivation Early mobile radio systems Some Cellular Terminology Large coverage with single high powered transmitter But no frequency re use due to interference Since finite spectrum allocation need high capacity number of users with limited spectrum and wide coverage CMPE 257 Spring 2005 CMPE 257 Spring 2005 30 E B Many low power transmitters instead of single high power on large cell Service area divided into small cells covered by each low power transmitter Each transmitter or base station allocated a portion of the spectrum Nearby BSs assigned different channel group to minimize interference Scalability as more users subscribe more BSs can be added using lower transmission power CMPE 257 Spring 2005 Frequency Reuse System level idea no major technological changes 29 Cellular Fundamentals Mobile Base station Mobile Switching Center MSC Handoff Cell 31 G C A F G D E CMPE 257 Spring 2005 F 32 8 Handoff Strategies Networkinitiated Handoff Handover Mobile hosts can change cells while communicating Hand off occurs when a mobile host starts communicating via a new base station Handoff decision made based on signal strength CMPE 257 Spring 2005 33 Mobile assisted Handoffs CMPE 257 Spring 2005 34 Satellite Communications MAHO 2G Mobile measures received power from close by BSs continually reports to serving BS Handoff begins when power received from neighbor