WFSC 403 1nd Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 10 17 Lecture 10 September 30 What is F2 Fecundity of the second generation What are stage structure matrixes used for Long lived animals that go through fishes Long life fish that start off very small and cannot be caught in a net They deposit eggs first stage big enough to catch is stage two first reproduction considers time lags Can we predict the future No but with the help of models we can guess What are some negative effects of models Depending on what we know we could mislead ourselves What are some concepts regarding interspecies competition Predation Parasitism Herbivory What is the functional difference between herbivory and predation Predation is the population is affected or part of the population dies a critter is removed Herbivory has no real affect on the population Cow eats grass grass will grow back coyote eats a rabbit the rabbit will not just grow back Would you expect to find two closely related species in the same environment Gauses hypothesis Competition exclusion principle two similar species cannot exist in the same community because there will be one competitor who is superior Interference or Resource competition Suppose we all went to Double Dave s the pizza comes out and we all scramble to get to it All of the pizzas Resource competition all of the pizzas will be eaten and all of the resources will be gone What is a fundamental niche Fundamental niche is the place or resources that would be used if there were no competition ideal land What is a realized niche The realized niche is where or how the populations occupy in presence of competition Lecture 11 October 2nd When does competition occur When there aren t enough resources to go around It can be difficult to pin down when competition occurs What happens if there is intense competition over a long time The species develop adaptations and example would be Darwin Finches big beaks for big seeds and little beaks for little seeds Which is a better competitor an r selected species or a k selected species K selected species According to Dr Grant is there a clear winner or loser in scramble competition According to Dr Grant there is a loser the one who does not get the resources it doesn t matter what type of competition Lecture 12 October 7 Please explain competition exclusion When one population is excluded by competition during certain conditions Partitioning or segregated resources are what type of competition Inter specific competition What is another name for resource competition Scramble Two species have three outcomes according to the text the figure says there are 4 outcomes Please list two One species goes extinct They are at equilibrium The other species goes extinct Unstable equilibrium What extra information do we need to know for the Tilman Model Need to know the rate of resource utilization on top of knowing the carrying capacity What is the paradox of plankton It is a multispecies community that doesn t have competition exclusion The reason being there are a lot of resources the environment fluctuates and never comes to equilibrium along with this it reverses before a population can be excluded Lecture 13 October 9 Is there such thing as an empty niche No resources are always being used Sometimes they are not being used by what you are studying or looking for but something is always using something True or false K and r are always the same no matter what you are looking at K and r are always changing depending on the population you are looking at They are relative to who and what is being selected Lecture 14 October 14 Scramble competition is synonymous with what Resource competition Does r ever reach K No r builds up but then crashes down What is alpha competition It signifies competition between populations it doesn t have to be high density What are the five types of predation Herbivore plants Animals animals Parasitoids host Parasites host Cannibalism What is the functional difference between predation If something is removed from the population Herbivores aren t really removed from the population whereas animals are Lecture 15 October 16 True False Prey limit themselves True Lecture 16 October 21 How do lab computer and field studies work together The first thing we could do would be to make a theory or hypothesis why something occurs and test it in the computer lab Then we could simplify the experiment and investigate in the lab Finally be more efficient when testing in the field Why do computer labs not always work The work under really restrictive assumptions How can we test to see if predators control prey populations If we remove predators in one spot and leave them in another and record what happens to the prey populations What is doomed surplus Lemmings hurling selves off cliffs It is when predation is compensatory to other forms of mortality What is compensatory mortality Some agent of mortality is going to kill prey but that prey is doomed to die shortly regardless of the predator What is the opposite of compensatory mortality Additive mortality If you hadn t killed it it would have lived to reproduce What makes some predators effective in controlling their prey The total response increases as prey density increases the predators may limit the density of the prey By contrast if the total response remains constant or falls as prey density increases the predator cannot limit prey numbers Please describe functional response Number of prey consumed per predator per day over a given time Response of individual predator on how fast they can consume kill prey Lecture 17 October 23 What are the three functional responses Type one prey just coming by and being eaten Jelly fish tentacles reaching out and just putting in to mouth parts Type two is the fixed handling time or digestive pause Type three As the prey population gets lower and lower the predator switches to different prey What is switching Predator has a specific image of prey to make them more toned in to specific type of prey As the prey population decreases the search image changes to a different prey What is an aggregative response A type of numerical response The emigration of predators decreases prey density What is a developmental response Predators prey on various types of prey depending on their developmental stage Larvae