Space Centrifuge Habitat DesignSpace Payload DesignASEN 5519Final PresentationMatthew VelloneThursday, 11 Dec 2003ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20032• Idea heritage of artificial gravity:• Von Braun and Arthur C. Clarke rotating space station concepts• Russian Cosmos missions, 1975-’92• Small centrifuge on Mir• ISS centrifuge (~2008 ?)• Mars Society– application to trip to Mars and long term stay• Ground applications:• NASA Ames• Astronaut training• Other applications—CU Civil Engineering, bio & chem applications, auto industryCentrifuge Applications and Artificial Gravity GenerationASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20033• General goal of centrifuge:• To answer “the fundamental question of what role(s) gravity has in the development of organisms from the cellular level up to that of an entire individual organism.”-www.spaceref.com/iss/elements/cam.html• “…study the effects of prolonged exposure to Martian gravity on mammals, a vital step on the road to human exploration of Mars.”–Mars Society Translife Website• Isolation of gravity level as experimental variable.• Experimentation at wide range of gravity levels -> test for many scenarios.A Centrifugal Habitat On Orbit…Many Experimental Gains(http://www.marssociety.org/translife/)ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20034…And Many Engineering Challenges• Angular momentum effects on s/c.• Safety issues of massive spinning machinery.• Lifetime issues with spin (e.g. bearing wear, motor life).• How to get recourses & power to, and waste & data from a spinning test configuration.• Gravity gradient issues.• Maintenance of spin rate for consistent “gravity” value.• Vibration isolation/mitigation onboard s/c; e.g. not to disturb artificial gravity environment or µg environment aboard ISS Æ Mass Balance Control.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20035STAGE-1: STudent Artificial Gravity Experiment• An artificial gravity proof of concept and ground control.• Goal: address key issues in ground prototype -> “Work out the initial bugs.”• Smaller scale, smaller budget, quicker timeline.• Three key issues:1. Mass balance and control (MBC) to mitigate vibration transmission.2. Spin control/rotating interface. 3. Habitat (airflow, heat and waste removal, odor control, light, follow National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines feasibly).•In addition:• Containment, general sizing of hardware, layout, look and feel of concept all nailed down.• Obtain initial data from which to design and build STAGE-2.• Use as a ground control for actual on-orbit unit.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20036STAGE-1HubHabitatH2O InterfaceDrive AssemblyElectrical/Data Interface• Intended to be modular with subsystems designed and built in parallel.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20037Mass Balance Control & Spin Rate ControlPassive MBC: Bi-directional pivot, aligns hab with net force vector.Active MBC: H2O pumped back and forth based on load cell inputs.Spin rate: Monitored with optical encoder.Spin:Provided with DC motor and adjustable belt.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20038Habitat “Self-Standing”Food BoxZeolite FilterAir Vents & Door AccessBlowerAir FlowCurved Hab FloorWaste Roller¼” Carbon FilterWater TubeAir FlowSpoke Interface• But requires external power, water and air; plug-in concept.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 20039Final Assembly and Operational UnitFirst SpinFull Assembly• Together show cohesiveness of design process & satisfy key goals.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 200310STAGE-1: Successful First Generation Hardware • Needs improvements in second generation.• What worked: Key centrifuge issues addressed successfully• Spinning interface.• Habitat: airflow, heat removal, food & water availability, waste and odor removal, general viability of a habitat for mice meeting NIH standards.• What needs improvement:• Power system and instrumentation: improve overall system and make a greater part of integrated design from beginning.• MBC: concept good, needs refinement, reduce overshoot in feedback.• Habitat: improve and automate waste roller, improve change-out access for odor removal.• In general: refine systems, instrument well, improve power and data acquisition system (DAQ), take lots of data.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 200311Take Home Lessons Learned From STAGE-1• Successful proof of concept/hardware demonstration and ground control unit are big steps for the first generation. • But, refinement to STAGE-2 and going from “flight qualifiable” to “space rated” is a time consuming, detailed process, especially for a manned s/c. (one of reasons for doing ground prototype first).• Carry parallel design philosophy through to end:• Power/DAQ/software lagged behind hardware. Try to keep comparable, integrated pace with one another.ASEN 5519MMV 11 December 200312References• www.spaceref.com/iss/elements/cam.html• http://www.marssociety.org/translife/• http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/IMAGES/SMALL/GPN-2000-001813.jpg• http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/newsroom/tv%20page/G03-002_tech.htm• http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/cf/hardw.cfm?hardware_id=652• http://www.palantir.net/2001/• http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/history/VonBraun/spaceage.html• http://www.nih.gov/• Mars Society Translife Science Definition Document, Dr. Chris McKay, Editor, 11/25/01 • http://lifesci.arc.nasa.gov/LIS/Programs/Cosmos/overview/Cosmos_Biosat.html• STAGE-1 CDR Presentation, CDR.ppt, 18 December 2001• STAGE-1 NASA Ames Presentation, Ames.ppt, 28 February 2002 • STAGE-1 Final Briefing, finalbriefing.ppt, 09 May 2002• STAGE-1 Mars Society Conference, Mscon.ppt, 08August
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