SOCI 205 1nd Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Race MovieOutline of Current Lecture II. The Myth of RaceIII. The Concept of RaceIV. Racial RealitiesV. Race versus EthnicityVI. Minority-Majority Group RelationsVII. Group Responses to DominationVIII. Prejudice, Discrimination, and the New RacismIX. How Race Matters: The Case of WealthX. Future of RaceXI. Vocabulary and Key Terms ReviewCurrent Lecture• Race can be defined as a group of people who share a set of characteristics — usually physical ones — and are said to share a common bloodline.• Racism is the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal human traits.• Race is a social construct that changes over time and across different contexts.• Many historical efforts to explain race were biased due to ethnocentrism (the judgment of other groups by one’s own standards and values).• Social Darwinism another nineteenth-century theory, was the notion that some groups or races evolved more than others and were better fit to survive and even rule other races.• Backers of eugenics (the science of genetic lines and the inheritable traits they pass on from generation to generation) claimed that traits could be traced through bloodlines and bred into populations (for positive traits) or out of them (for negative traits).These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• The one-drop rule, which evolved from U.S. laws forbidding miscegenation, was the belief that “ one drop ” of black blood makes a person black. Application of this rule kept the white population “pure” and lumped anyone with black blood into one category.• Miscegenation is the technical term for a multiracial marriage.• Today DNA testing is used to determine people’s racial makeup, and while this process may be more accurate on some level than nineteenth-century racial measures, it still supports the notion of fixed, biological racial differences.• Racialization is the formation of a new racial identity in which new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people.• Race is imposed (usually based on physical differences), hierarchical, exclusive, and unequal.• Ethnicity is voluntary, self-defined, nonhierarchical, fluid, cultural, and not so closely linked with power differences. • An ethnic identity becomes racialized when it is subsumed under a forced label, racial marker, or “otherness.”• Symbolic ethnicity is ethnicity that is individualistic in nature and without real social cost for the individual.• Pluralism, in the context of race and ethnicity, refers to the presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society, with no one group being in the majority.• Segregation is the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity. • Segregation was official policy in the United States, particularly in the South, untilthe 1960s.• Prejudice refers to negative thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group.• Discrimination refers to harmful or negative acts against people deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category.• Despite being illegal for over 40 years, there is still ample evidence of segregation in American society today, particularly in schools, housing, and prisons.• While overt racism is, for the most part, considered unacceptable in America today, there is a new kind of racism on the rise in America and elsewhere that focuses on cultural and national differences, rather than racial ones.• Color-Blind Racism• A wealth gap exists between whites and minority groups in America that has historical roots and that cannot be overcome simply through income equality. Public policies formulated to address white-nonwhite disparities have not paid close enough attention to this particular legacy of