FinishesMajor TopicsPlasterPlaster con’tPlaster Installation ConsiderationsPlaster Application con’tGypsum WallboardGypsum Board EdgesGypsum Board FastenersGypsum Board con’tTileShapes of Trim TilesSome Tile Setting ProductsTile GroutsTerrazzoBasic Ingredients of Terrazzo ToppingAcoustical TreatmentAcoustical PerformanceWood FlooringDimension Stone Tile FloorResilient FlooringCarpetCarpet con’tCarpet InstallationSlide 25PaintPaint TypesPrimersPaintsTransparent FinishesVinyl Wall CoveringsReferences1FinishesMajor TopicsPlasterGypsum BoardTileTerrazzoAcoustical TreatmentWood FlooringDimension Stone Tile FlooringResilient FlooringCarpetPaintsVinyl Wall CoveringsPlasterGypsum – a rocklike mineral (hydrous calcium sulfate) is usually combined with clay, limestone, and iron oxides (resulting color is gray, brown, or pinkish). In its pure form it is white and known as plaster of paris2 properties make gypsum useful as a plaster material:When intensely heated (calcined) it becomes a fine powderWhen water is added, it remains plastic for a short time and after it “sets” returns to its original rocklike stateProvides superior fire resistancePlaster con’t2 main “coats” of plaster:Basecoat – neat (doesn’t contain aggregates), wood-fibered (course cellulose fibers to provide great coverage), ready-mixed (mill-prepare-usually contains perlite)Finish Coat – the final operation in plastering; Gypsums Keene’s Cement plaster – produces a dense, hard finish and is crack resistant. Portland Cement Plaster-Exterior location called “stucco”Interior location called “plaster”Plaster Installation ConsiderationsThe surface should be clean (remove surface laitance, form oil) to ensure good bonding – sometimes requires sandblastingWhen applying to masonry mortar joints should be struck flush or slightly rakedMay need to apply a “dash coat” (1 part portland cement and 1-2 parts sand)Over wood or metal framing --- metal reinforcement may be used (diamond mesh & welded wire lath are examples – see figures on pages 649-52 for examples)Plaster Application con’tThe minimum thickness and # of coats depends on the base3 coat work:Consists of scratch coat (cross-raked to provide better bond with brown coat), brown coat, and finish coat (may be float, spray, or texture)Gypsum WallboardMain types:Regular core – surface with manila paper for smooth surfacePre-decoratedFoil-backed – aluminum foil on back to act as vapor retarderFire-resistant (Type X) – core consists of additives and glass fibersWater-resistant (WR) – contain multi-layers of chemically treated paper & core contains asphaltic additivesGypsum Board EdgesRoundedTaperedBeveledSquareTongue and GrooveFor examples of appearance and application of each type see pages 672-73Gypsum Board FastenersNailsScrews -- (drywall screws) zinc phosphate coating with baked-on linseed oilClips and staples – used to attach the base ply on multi-ply constructionAdhesives – used to attach single-ply wallboard to wood framing, masonry, or to laminate layers of drywallGypsum Board con’tJoint tape – used as joint reinforcement and is strong-fibered with chamfered edgesJoint compounds – embed and bond the joint tape and cover, level, and smooth the joints and fastenersA minimum of 3 coats usually applied12 to 24 hours between coats (unless quick-setting compound used)Edge and Corner TrimTileCeramic tile is made from non-metallic minerals fired at high temperatures and manufactured in modular unitsMajor types:Glazed wall tile – mainly used on walls [4’x4’]Ceramic mosaic tile – mainly used on floors [1”x1”; 1’x2”, 2’x2”]Paver tile – floor units [4”x4” or larger]Quarry tile – larger natural clay unitsTiles should be cut with suitable tool [no less than ½ tiles]Shapes of Trim TilesBullnose CoveBaseCurbSee page 701 for examplesSome Tile Setting ProductsPortland cement mortar – most commonDry-set mortar – portland cement, sand, and resinous additivesEpoxy mortar – used in areas where chemical resistance or high bond strength is importantFuran mortar – 2 part consists of a resin & a hardener ( used in labs and industrial plants)Tile GroutsType selected is based on kind of tile and type of exposureSome examples:Commercial portland cementSilicon rubberEpoxyFuran ResinApplied by troweling diagonally across the joints on the face of the tile, excess removed by washing (sponge used)Joint width varies according to the type and size of tile used [ 1/16” to ½”]TerrazzoUsed as early as Roman times; historically limited to marbleEmbedded small pieces of marble or other resinous materials set in mortar which are finished by grinding and polishingIs a durable, low-maintenance floor finishCan be cast in place or pre-castBasic Ingredients of Terrazzo ToppingBindersDecorative ChipsPigmentsDivider strips, expansion stripsMetal reinforcementIsolation membranesCuring compoundsSealing materialsAcoustical TreatmentWall and ceiling materials are used to control the transmission of soundIncludes:Acoustical ceilingIntegrated ceiling – consists of acoustical material, suspension system, air distribution outlets, and lighting fixturesAcoustical wall treatmentBaffle –acoustical panel that is suspended from an edge or “floats” in a spaceAcoustical Performance2 Major Terms:Sound Transmission Class (STC) – a figure (in dB – decibels) derived by comparing the sound transmission losses against pre-determined standards . The higher the number…the better the soundproofing properties of the materialNoise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) – the percentage of sound energy a material absorbs. The range is 0-1; the higher the percentage…the better sound absorption medium.Wood FlooringWood flooring has excellent wearing qualities, moderate cost, and is easy to install and maintain.About 12 types of woods are used to manufacture wood flooring (~80% of all wood flooring is hardwood – mostly oak)Moisture content is 6-9% for hardwood and 9-10% for softwoodMost flooring is T&G3 basic styles:Strip – up to 3-1/4” wide and ¾” thickPlank – 3-1/2” to 6” wide and ¾” thickBlock – 9” wide and