1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials1Welcome to:BAE 2023 Physical Properties of Biological MaterialsM, F 2:30 – 3:29W 2:30 – 4:20, 3:30 – 5:20122 Ag Hall Dr. Jones1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials2The Basics Class website: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/jcarol/index.html Syllabus, outline, schedule Book: OSU bookstore…about $30 I think Book isn’t stellar! My apologies…short of paying $700, it’s the best out there. I will be using extensive handouts. Large Three-ring Binder1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials3The Basics Name, hometown, classification, one cool thing you did over Christmas break Class website: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/jcarol/index.html Syllabus, outline, schedule Book1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials4Why are we taking this course? What is a biological material? Difference of materials we work with and materials other engineers work with? Homogeneous = same Heterogeneous = diverse Ag materials …heterogeneous Food products…homogeneous, usually1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials5 What causes the variability…–Moisture content–Susceptibility to chemical reactions–Living cells respire–Mechanical properties•Viscoelastic behavior1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials6 Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability–Wheat…• Harvest with combine…size, shape, density, aerodynamic properties for sorting kernels from chaff and straw. • Control kernel damage during handling…response of kernels to impact loading, frictional properties through chutes and augers• Storage and market value…moisture content and protein determined using dielectric properties and NIRIrrigatedDryland1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials7 Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability–Wheat…• Flour mill…kernel hardness for grinding…wheat is the only cereal flour strong and cohesive enough in dough stage to retain gas during baking due to gluten content• Baking…deformation characteristics of dough and finished loaf1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials8 Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability– Seed planting…one kind of seed or many kinds of seeds…size and shape for plate design– Fruit processing into juice…juice yield vs. compression time and force…– Fruit juice/puree…juice is Newtonion, puree is non-Newtonion…info needed to determine flowrate through pumping equipment.1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials9 Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials10 Examples of interactions and accommodations of variability– Popcorn kernel color…optical properties used to sort dark kernels from yellow or white kernels– Animal selection for breeding programs…ultrasound used to determine fat and muscle content / location on live animals– Gravel/sand for concrete…forces required for size reduction, angle of repose in piles for storage…1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials11 Information confounded by irregular shape, heterogeneous nature and viscoelastic moisture dependent properties of biological materials Difficult to mathematically describe the deformation and heat and mass transfer.1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials12Homework #2 Due Jan 19, Next Wednesday1. Read Chapter 1 in the Stroshine book.2. Question 1.6 in your book…research your answer3. Go to www.asabe.org (You must be on campus using a campus computer to access this library. Suggest you use the computers in 208 AgHall)1. Click on “Technical Library”2. Search for an article having to do with physical properties of a biomaterial3. Write a one page summary of the article (in your own words). Be sure to include the citation referencing the article in ASABE format.4. ….1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials13Example of ASABE citation formatJournal article…Smith, A., B. Brown, and C. White. 2003. Why peaches turn brown. Transactions of the ASABE 50(3):180-185.Meeting paper….Anthony, W. S. 1998. Performance characteristics of cotton ginning machinery. ASAE Paper No. 981010. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials14Example of article summaryWhy Peaches Turn BrownObjectives of the paper:Using hyperspectral sensing techniques, researchers looked for a way to predict brown flesh in peaches and the cause of the brown flesh in peaches.Methods and Materials:Researchers used a hyperspectrometer to investigate 49 peaches that had been subjected to known deterioration causes such as freezing, bruising, and excess heat. Seven sets of seven peaches were tested in the laboratory.Spectral data from 300 nm to 2400 nm were collected and processed by the statistical software package SAS. Conclusions:Using the spectrometer, bruising and freezing damage could be predicted 49% of the time while heat damage could be predicted 77% of the time. Significance:Peach buyers could use this method to determine which peaches to buy with the idea in mind that they would last longer. Peaches with a higher prediction of deterioration could be culled by sorting machinery to provide a higher grade lot of peaches for sale.Reference:Smith, A., B. Brown, and C. White. 2003. Why peaches turn brown. Transactions of the ASABE 50(3):180-185.1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials15Example of answer for other questionsOn engineering paper…written in pencil…folded in half…name on outside of paper…Question 1.7: (rewrite the question here)Given: (sort out the variables and facts here)Solution: (give your answer here with all work shown for calculations. When using an equation, show which equation you used before you substitute values for the variables.)Answer: Circle or underline your final answerThis is what it will look like…. (example)….1/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials161/13/2011 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials17Dr. Jones216 Ag
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